Polymeric materials for electronic packaging / Shozo Nakamura.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Table of Contents
About the Author ix

Preface xi

1 Basics of Semiconductor 1

1.1 Development of Semiconductors 1

1.2 Analysis of Semiconductors Materials 5

2 Basics of Polymer Materials 9

2.1 Polymer Material 9

2.2 Types and Classification of Polymer Materials 10

2.3 General Properties of Polymer Materials 12

2.4 Summary 13

3 Basics of Elastic Theory 15

3.1 Elasticity 15

3.2 Stress and Strain 15

3.3 Finite Element Method Analysis (FEM Analysis) 16

3.4 Governing Equation of Elastic Body 18

3.5 Law of Elastic Breakage 19

3.6 Plane Stress and Plane Strain 21

4 Stress Evaluations with Defects 23

4.1 Difference from Strength of Materials 23

4.2 Stress Concentration and Stress Intensity Factor 24

5 Basics of Viscoelasticity 27

5.1 About Viscoelasticity 27

5.2 Elasticity, Viscosity, and Viscoelasticity 28

5.3 Stress and Strain Response 29

5.4 Mechanical Model Representing Viscoelastic Properties 32

5.5 Conceptual Formula for Creep and Stress Relaxation 35

5.6 Master Curve and Time-Temperature Conversion Rule 38

5.7 Approximation of Master Curve 39

5.8 Superposition Principle and Basic Equations 40

5.9 Simple Model of Generating Thermal Stress and Strain 41

6 Measurement of Viscoelastic Properties 43

6.1 Dynamic Viscoelasticity 43

6.2 Measurement Method 43

6.3 Complex Modulus and Mechanical Model 44

6.4 Dispersion and Absorption by Frequency 46

6.5 Actual Measurement Example 48

7 Design Issues of LSI Packages 49

7.1 Introduction 49

7.2 Trends and Issues of LSI Packages 51

8 Validity of Viscoelastic Analysis 55

8.1 Introduction 55

8.2 Structure of Laminated Body 56

8.3 Analysis Method 61

8.4 Cooling Experiment of Laminated Body 61

8.5 Analysis Results and Experimental Values 63

8.6 Conclusion 67

9 Application to CSP-μBGA 69

9.1 Introduction 69

9.2 Structure and Modeling of CSP-μBGA 69

9.3 Material Property Values Used for Analysis 70

9.4 Material and Structure Optimization Design by VESAP Analysis 73

10 Thermal Stress and Warpage Behavior During Cooling Process of Three-Layer Laminate 79

10.1 Introduction 79

10.2 Structure of LSI Package 79

10.3 Three-Layer Viscoelastic Laminate Model 80

10.4 Elucidation of Warpage Deformation Behavior by VESAP Analysis 81

11 Warp Deformation Behavior From Heating to Cooling 91

11.1 Introduction 91

11.2 Two-Layer Laminate With Epoxy Resin/FR-4 Substrate 92

11.3 Two-Layer Laminate with Epoxy Resin/Steel 101

11.4 Three-Layer Laminate with Steel/Epoxy Resin/Printed Board 104

11.5 Analysis Experiment of Four-Layer Laminate 108

12 Deformation Prediction Method Considering Curing Shrinkage of Resin 119

12.1 Introduction 119

12.2 Examination the Procedure and the Way of Thinking 120

12.3 Contents of VESAP Analysis 122

12.4 Simple Prediction Formula for Calculating Curing Warpage 123

12.5 Warp Deformation Experiment 128

12.6 Theoretical Prediction of Warpage Deformation due to Hardening and Heat 130

13 Changes in Material Properties and Deformation Behavior Due to Thermal Degradation 133

13.1 Purpose and Background 133

13.2 Experimental Case I 134

13.3 Experiment of Case II 139

14 Simple Evaluation Method for Deformation of Viscoelastic Body 147

14.1 Introduction 147

14.2 Derivation of Simple Formula 147

14.3 Practical Method 151

14.4 Determining the Curing Temperature of the Resin 152

14.5 Effect of Epoxy Resin Thickness on Heat Generation Temperature 153

14.6 Conclusion 156

15 Effect of Cooling Rate on Warpage Behavior of Laminates 159

15.1 Warp Deformation Experiment 159

15.2 VESAP Analysis 160

15.3 Results and Considerations 163

15.4 Final Warp Deformation and Residual Warp Deformation 166

15.5 Estimation Mechanism Between Cooling Rate and Deformation of Laminate 168

15.6 Conclusion 169

Appendix A Development of Viscoelastic Analysis Software (VESAP) 171

A.1 Development Needs and Concepts 171

A.2 Derivation of Basic Formula for Analysis 172

A.3 Contents of the Developed VESAP Software 175

Bibliography 179

Index 185

"Polymers are normally electrical insulators but, to enable their use in electronic applications, conductive fillers such as silver have been added to polymer formulations to increase their electrical conductivity. Unlike metal components, by using high performance polymers, engineers can reduce processing cycle times and increase durability in demanding environments. Some of the key benefits of replacing metals with polymers include weight reductions of up to 80%, and 30% faster installation times, ideal for hand-held devices and equipment."-- Provided by publisher.

About the Author
Shozo Nakamura, PhD, is Professor Emeritus at the Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Japan, and a sought-after corporate technical adviser. In 2019, he established the Nakamura Technical Research Institute.