Personality : theories and applications / Eric Shiraev, George Mason Univerity.
By: Shiraev, Eric [author.]
Language: English Publisher: Thousand Oaks : SAGE, [2024]Copyright date: ©2024Edition: Second editionDescription: xxix, 494 pages : color illustrations ; 23 cmContent type: text Media type: unmediated Carrier type: volumeISBN: 9781071857182Subject(s): PersonalityDDC classification: 155.2 LOC classification: BF698 | .S51648 2024Item type | Current location | Home library | Call number | Status | Date due | Barcode | Item holds |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
COLLEGE LIBRARY | COLLEGE LIBRARY SUBJECT REFERENCE | 155.2 Sh65 2024 (Browse shelf) | Available | CITU-CL-54342 |
Browsing COLLEGE LIBRARY Shelves , Shelving location: SUBJECT REFERENCE Close shelf browser
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
||
155.2 P435 1984 Personality: theory and research/ | 155.2 P435 2001 Personality: theory and research / | 155.2 Se48 2007 The self as project: politics and the human sciences / | 155.2 Sh65 2024 Personality : theories and applications / | 155.2 St351 1993 Revolution from within: a book of self-esteem/ | 155.20926 W585 1976 Case workbook in personality/ | 155.24 C125 1990 Readings, cases, and study guide for psychology of adjustment and human relationships/ |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Author
Part I Foundations
Chapter 1 Introducing Personality
Who Are You as a Person?
Identifying Personality
Explaining the Definition and Asking Questions
Three Principles Explaining Personality
Personality’s Dichotomies
Personality Is Unique and Typical
Personality Features Can Be Central and Peripheral
Personality Is Stable and Evolving
Personality Can Be Viewed as “Normal” and “Abnormal”
Personality Is Rooted in Nature and Nurture
Personality Refers to Body and Mind
Personality Is Active and Reactive
Approaching Personality
Four Types of Knowledge
Scientific Knowledge
Popular Beliefs
Values
Legal Knowledge
How Different Types of Knowledge Interact
Knowledge and Theory
Personality Theories and Academic Traditions
Applying Knowledge About Personality
Areas of Application
Steps in Applying Knowledge
The Individual Context
The Interpersonal Context
The Global Context
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 2 Scientific Foundations to Study Personality
Science and the Scientific Method
Contributions to the Study of Personality
Genetics
Some Personality Features Are Inherited
Genes and the Environment Interact
Neuroscience
Brain Activities Are Associated With Specific Behaviors
The Nervous System Interacts With the Environment
Evolutionary Science
Evolutionary Factors
Social Behavior
Social Sciences
The Economics Dimension
Social Science and Typology
The Humanities
Personality Psychology Learns From Studying Philosophy
Personality Psychology Learns From Studying Religion
Arts
Describing
Encouraging New Reflections
Affecting an Individual’s Personality
How Do We Apply Knowledge?
Applying Knowledge to Self
Know Yourself
Improve Yourself
Strive for Happiness
Applying Knowledge to Others
Help People Understand the Sources of Their Problems
Applying Knowledge to the World
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 3 Research Methods
Personality Research Methods
Observation
Self-Reports
Experiments
Content Analysis
Projective Methods
Mixed and Holistic Methods
How Do We Prepare and Conduct Research?
Reviewing Your Sources
Describing Your Goals
Formulating Hypotheses
Choosing a Sample
Choosing Specific Methods
Being Aware of Biases
Checking Reliability and Validity
Analyzing Your Data
Scales
Correlation
Factor Analysis
Applying Critical Thinking to Research Methods
Distinguish Facts From Opinions
Describe, Not Prescribe
Do Not Always See Correlation as Causation
Look for Multiple Causes
Critically Compare
Recognize Continuous and Dichotomous Variables
Be Aware of Possible Ethnocentrism
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Part II Psychological Traditions
Chapter 4 Psychoanalytic Tradition
The Essence of the Psychoanalytic Tradition
Social and Cultural Contexts
Key Assumptions
Discussing Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis
Human Desires Are Repressed
The Id, the Ego, and the Superego
Developmental Stages
Views of Women
Studying Anna Freud’s Views
Studying Alfred Adler’s Views
Organ Inferiority and Its Consequences
Self-Ideal
Social Interest
Studying Carl Jung’s Views
Collective Unconscious and Archetypes
Psychological Types
Criticisms of Ethnocentrism
Summarizing the Psychoanalytic Tradition
Applying the Psychoanalytic Tradition
Understanding Self
Helping Others: Therapy
Applying to Art
Applying to Neuroscience
Applying to Political Behavior
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 5 The Behavioral-Learning Tradition
The Behavioral-Learning Tradition
Understanding Personality by Studying Animal Behavior
Anthropomorphism
Social Instincts
Learning Laws
Studying Reflexes
Reflexology and Personality
Conditioned Reflexes
Types of Personality and the Nervous System
Watson: Studying and Applying Behaviorism
Habit Formation
Habit Disturbances: Abnormal Behavior and Deviance
Studying Behavior From Different Angles
Optimistic Behaviorism of B. F. Skinner
From Animals to Humans
Social Engineering
Social Learning Theory
What Behaviorism Accomplished and What It Missed
Applying the Behavioral-Learning Tradition
Behavioral Economics
Nudging
Coping With Traumatic Events
Behavior Therapy
Education
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 6 The Trait Tradition
The Trait Approach
Ancient Philosophies
Further Research in Philosophy and Psychology
Trait Theorists and Perspectives
Gordon Allport
Raymond Cattell
Hans Eysenck
The Big Five
Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Humanities and Personality Traits
A Cross-Cultural Approach to Personality Traits
Applying the Trait Tradition
Marriage and Individual Traits
Which Personality Traits Are Most Important to Employers?
Politics
Do “Stupid” People Have Certain Traits?
Are There Criminal Traits?
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 7 The Cognitive Tradition
The Psychology Roots of the Cognitive Tradition
An Era of Introspection
Studying the Self
The Gestalt Tradition
Field Theory
Cognitive Science
Psychology and Cognitive Science
Cognitive Neuroscience
Computer Science
Philosophy and Consciousness
Further Studies
Studies of Attitudes
Attitude Accessibility
Attitude Balance
Attitude Dissonance
Attribution
The Personal Constructs Approach
Culture and the Self
Perceiving the Self
Self-Esteem
Culture and Identity
Literature and the Inner World
Applying the Cognitive Tradition
Cognitive Therapy
“Applied” Spirituality
Gambling Fallacies
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 8 The Humanistic Tradition
The Humanistic Tradition: Social Contexts
The Essence of Humanistic Tradition
The Critical Aspect
The Positive Aspect
Principles of Humanistic Psychology
Five Theoretical Principles
Methods and Humanistic Psychology
Existential Psychology
Rollo May and Existential Psychology
Anxiety and Personality
Abraham Maslow and Humanistic Psychology
Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization
The Autotelic Personality
Humanistic Tradition and Activism
Carl Rogers and the Person-Centered Approach
Positive Psychology
Studying Happiness
Critical Assessments of Happiness Approaches
The Humanistic View
Accomplishments and Limitations of the Humanistic Tradition
Accomplishments
Shortcomings
Applying the Humanistic Tradition
Psychotherapy
Existential Therapy
Client-Centered Therapy
Care With Dignity
Life and Death Decisions
Hospice Care
Holistic Health Movement
Peace Psychology and Public Diplomacy
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Part III Personality Domains
Chapter 9 The Developmental Domain
The Essence of the Developmental Domain
Nature and Nurture Interact
Quality of Life Is Essential
Global Changes Affect the Individual
Developmental Stages
Classifications of Stages
Is There a Midlife Crisis?
Earlier Stages Affect Later Ones
Stability and Change: Consistency and Openness Models
Persistence and Change
A Life-Changing Experience
Studying the Developmental Domain
An Individual’s Development and Life Sciences
Cross-Cultural Approach
Erik Erikson’s Tradition
Laurence Kohlberg’s Tradition
Jean Piaget’s Developmental Approach
Stages of Development
Lev Vygotsky’s Developmental Approach
Specific Traits
Applying the Developmental Domain
Developmental Factors and Suicide
Personality Traits
Age Factors
Crime as a Developmental Problem
The “Child” Personality?
Education: Discipline Versus Freedom
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 10 The Gender Domain
The Essence of the Gender Domain
The Sexes and the Intersex
Gender as a Social Construct
Gender Roles
Sexual Orientation
Key Approaches to Studying Gender
Traditional Views of the Sexes
Evolving Views of the Sexes
Genetics, Anatomy, and Neurophysiology
Evolutionary Theories
Societal Practices
Traditional Views of Gender
Ambivalent Prejudice
Gender Discrimination in Psychology
Functional Inequality
Evolving Views of Gender
Gender Studies
Feminism
Comparative Research
The Variability Hypothesis
The Gender Similarities Hypothesis
Evolving Views on Gender Roles
Traditional Views of Sexual Orientation
An Evolution of Legal Knowledge
Evolving Views of Sexual Orientation
Transvestism, Cross-Dressing, or … ?
Applying the Gender Domain
LGBTQ+ Psychology
Reducing Gender Stereotypes
Overcoming Sexism
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 11 The Clinical Domain
The Essence of the Clinical Domain
Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
On “Normal” and “Abnormal” Personality
Medicalization of Personality Features
The Stigma of Mental Illness
Diagnosing Personality Disorders
Factors Contributing to Diagnosis
Classification and Description of Personality Disorders
Cluster: Odd Behavior
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster: Dramatic Behavior
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Cluster: Anxious Behavior
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Etiology of Personality Disorders
The Biomedical Perspective
The Psychoanalytic Tradition
The Behavioral-Learning Tradition
The Cognitive Tradition
The Trait Tradition
The Cross-Cultural Approach
Differential Diagnosis and Comorbidity
Applying Knowledge to the Clinical Domain
Treatment of Personality Disorders
Suicide Prevention
Criminal Justice
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 12 Personality: The Adjustment Domain
The Essence of Adjustment and Coping
Why Individuals Cope
Areas of Change Requiring Coping and Adjustment
Aging
Physical Illness
Changes in the Family
Professional Changes
Changes in Personal Relationships
Immigration
Significant Social Changes
Types of Coping and Adjustment
The Individual
The Stressor
Outcomes of Coping and Adjustment
Identifying “Helpful” Personality Traits
Traits That Negatively Affect the Coping Process
Identifying Adaptive Coping Strategies
Identifying Maladaptive Strategies
Denial
Ruminative Strategies
Learned Helplessness
Applying The Adjustment Domain
Coping With Serious Illness
Fighting Alcoholism
Relaxation Techniques
Overcoming Acculturative Stress
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Chapter 13 The Digital Domain
The Essence of the Digital Domain
Digital Personality Footprints
The Digital Personality Continuum
The Reflector
The Amplifier
The Transformer
The Separator
Privacy
Reputation
The Troll
Applying the Digital Domain
Digital Defenses: Managing Privacy and Reputation
Digital Footprints and Social Behavior
Digital Companionship
Summary
Visual Review
Key Terms
Evaluating What You Know
A Bridge to the Next Chapter
Part IV Conclusion
Chapter 14 Personality Psychology in the 2030s
Case 1: “Hacking” Living Cells for a Good Cause
Fiction, Reality, or Something in Between? Possible Research 10 Years From Now: “Hacking” Living Cells to Change Personality Traits
Questions
Case 2: Understanding Multimorbidity
Fiction, Reality, or Something in Between? Possible Research 10 Years From Now: Understanding Psychological Multimorbidity
Questions
Case 3: Height, Mind, and Self-Esteem
Fiction, Reality, or Something in Between? Possible Research 10 Years From Now: Matching Self-Esteem and Social Perception
Questions
Summing up
Glossary
References
Index
"The new Second Edition of Personality: Theories and Applications is organized around three general questions about personality psychology: What are the basic facts and ideas? How do we study them? How do we apply them now? These three organizing questions provide a consistent focus throughout the book, as Shiraev explores the foundations of personality psychology, its core theories, and its domains of application. Coverage of classical and contemporary systems of thought is both chronological and comprehensive and situates personality psychology within an interdisciplinary and global context, highlighting this diverse, cross-cultural, and cross-national field. A new chapter on the digital domain of personality showcases the author's expertise in reputation management and presents students with a highly relevant and engaging application of personality psychology today"-- Provided by publisher.
There are no comments for this item.