000			02327nab a22002177a 4500
999			_c82871 _d82871
003			CITU
005			20230223165841.0
007			td
008			220823b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
041			_aeng.
100	1		_aMinot, Thomas _eauthor
245	1	4	_aThe neural representation of the gender of faces in the primate visual system : _ba computer modeling study
264		4	_c2017
520	3		_aAbstract We use an established neural network model of the primate visual system to show how neurons might learn to encode the gender of faces. The model consists of a hierarchy of 4 competitive neuronal layers with associatively modifiable feedforward synaptic connections between successive layers. During training, the network was presented with many realistic images of male and female faces, during which the synaptic connections are modified using biologically plausible local associative learning rules. After training, we found that different subsets of output neurons have learned to respond exclusively to either male or female faces. With the inclusion of short range excitation within each neuronal layer to implement a self-organizing map architecture, neurons representing either male or female faces were clustered together in the output layer. This learning process is entirely unsupervised, as the gender of the face images is not explicitly labeled and provided to the network as a supervisory training signal. These simulations are extended to training the network on rotating faces. It is found that by using a trace learning rule incorporating a temporal memory trace of recent neuronal activity, neurons responding selectively to either male or female faces were also able to learn to respond invariantly over different views of the faces. This kind of trace learning has been previously shown to operate within the primate visual system by neurophysiological and psychophysical studies. The computer simulations described here predict that similar neurons encoding the gender of faces will be present within the primate visual system.
700	1		_a Dury, Hannah L. _eauthor
700	1		_aEguchi, Akihiro _eauthor
700	1		_a Humphreys, Glyn W. _eauthor
700	1		_aStringer, Simon M. _eauthor
773	0		_tPsychological Review _gvol.124 no. 2: (March 2017), pages 154-167
942			_2ddc _cART