Solid waste treatment technologies : challenges and perspective / edited by Pratiba Gautam, Vineet Kumar and Sunil Kumar

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1: Waste Management: A Global Challenge -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.1.1. Waste -- 1.1.2. Generation and Characteristics of Waste -- 1.1.3. Municipal Solid Waste -- 1.1.4. The Management of MSW (MSWM) in India -- 1.2. Comparison of Global Solid Waste Generation Trends -- 1.3. Composition of MSWM in India -- 1.4. Challenges for Solid Waste in India -- 1.4.1. Health and Environment -- 1.4.2. Operational Challenges for MSWM Processes -- 1.4.2.1. Collection and Segregation -- 1.5. The Way for Controlling these Wastes -- 1.6. Conclusion and Future Prospects -- Chapter 2: Emerging Solid Wastes and Its Management -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Emerging Solid Waste: Challenges in Managing Waste and Their Management Opportunities -- 2.2.1. Solar Panel Waste -- 2.2.2. Batteries Waste -- 2.2.3. E-waste -- 2.2.4. COVID Waste -- 2.2.5. Sanitary Waste -- 2.2.6. Multilayered and Microplastic Waste -- 2.2.7. Persistent Organic Waste -- 2.3. Conclusion -- Chapter 3: Solid Waste Treatment Technologies: Thermochemical Pathway -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Advanced Thermal Treatment - An Overview -- 3.3. Incineration - A Conventional Form of Thermal Treatment -- 3.3.1. Power Generation. -- 3.3.2. Small WtE Plant Size -- 3.3.3. Conservative Steam Parameters -- 3.3.4. Relatively High Condensing Pressure -- 3.3.5. Straighforeward Cycle Configuration -- 3.3.6. High Stack Loss with No or Indirect Air Preheating -- 3.3.7. High Rate of In-Plant Energy Consumption -- 3.4. Gasification -- 3.4.1. Gasification: Combustion of Syngas in Boiler -- 3.4.2. Gasification: Application of Syngas in Internally Fired furnaces/devices -- 3.4.3. Plasma Gasification -- 3.5. Advanced Thermal Treatment - Pyrolysis -- 3.6. Case Studies for Waste-To-Energy Recovery.
3.6.1. USA -- 3.6.2. India -- 3.6.3. Japan -- 3.7. Future Prospects and Conclusions -- Chapter 4: Solid Waste Treatment Technologies: Biochemical Pathway -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Sewage Sludge Production -- 4.3. Chemical Composition of Sewage Sludge -- 4.3.1. Type of Sludge -- 4.3.1.1. Hydrolysis -- 4.3.1.2. Fundamentals of Anaerobic Digestion Process -- 4.3.1.3. Methane Formation -- 4.4. Sewage Sludge Legislations -- 4.5. Applications of Sewage Sludge -- 4.5.1. Agriculture -- 4.5.2. Biofuels Production -- 4.6. Conclusion and Future Prospects -- Chapter 5: Solid Waste Treatment Technologies: Physicochemical Pathways -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Municipal Solid Waste: Indian Scenario -- 5.3. Physicochemical Treatment -- 5.3.1. Pyrolysis -- 5.3.2. Refuse Derived Fuel -- 5.3.3. Mechanical Recycling -- 5.4. Conclusion -- Chapter 6: Waste Disposal and Its Environmental Impact -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Hierarchy of Solid Waste Disposal -- 6.2.1. Waste Minimization -- 6.2.2. Reuse -- 6.2.3. Recycle -- 6.2.4. Energy Recovery -- 6.2.5. Disposal -- 6.3. Solid Waste Disposal Technologies -- 6.3.1. Conventional Disposal Technologies -- 6.3.1.1. Landfill -- 6.3.1.2. Incineration -- 6.3.1.3. Recycling to Useful Products -- 6.3.1.4. Anaerobic Digestion -- 6.3.1.5. Composting -- 6.3.2. Alternative Disposal Technologies -- 6.3.2.1. Gasification -- 6.3.2.2. Bio-drying -- 6.3.2.3. Mechanical Biological Treatment -- 6.3.2.4. Hydrothermal Carbonization -- 6.3.2.5. Hydrothermal Liquefaction -- 6.3.2.6. Pyrolysis -- 6.3.2.7. Molten Salt Oxidation -- 6.3.2.8. Waste Autoclave -- 6.3.2.9. Mechanical Heat Treatment -- 6.3.3. Future Technologies -- 6.3.3.1. Smart Waste Bins -- 6.3.3.2. Pneumatic Waste Collection -- 6.3.3.3. Fleet Management Systems -- 6.3.3.4. AI-Based Sorting of Waste -- 6.4. Environmental Impact of Solid Waste Disposals -- 6.4.1. Aesthetic Degradation.
6.4.2. Pollution -- 6.4.3. Vectors -- 6.4.4. Health Impacts -- 6.4.5. Impact on Flora and Fauna -- 6.5. Conclusion -- Chapter 7: Circular Economy and Solid Waste -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Understanding Circular Economy -- 7.2.1. Barriers to Implementing CE -- 7.3. Circular Economy Models -- 7.4. Material Recovery for CE -- 7.5. Energy Recovery for CE -- 7.6. Industrial Symbiosis -- 7.7. CE Integrated with SDGS -- 7.8. Conclusion -- Chapter 8: Microplastics as Emerging Soil Pollutants: Ecological Impact and Management Strategies -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Microplastics: Types, Sources, and Transport to Soil -- 8.3. Ecological Impacts of Microplastics -- 8.3.1. Effect of Microplastics on Soil -- 8.3.2. Effect of Microplastics on Soil Organisms and Humans -- 8.4. Detection and Analysis of Microplastics in Soil -- 8.4.1. Sampling -- 8.4.2. Sieving -- 8.4.3. Sample Processing -- 8.4.4. Filtration and Digestion -- 8.4.5. Analysis of Microplastics -- 8.4.5.1. Visual Identification and Microscopy -- 8.4.5.2. Spectroscopy -- 8.4.5.3. Thermal Analyses -- 8.5. Mitigation Strategies for Microplastics Pollution -- 8.6. Conclusion and Future Prospects -- Chapter 9: Fate and Behavior of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Wastes -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Microplastics and Nanoplastics -- 9.3. MNPs Quantification/Qualification Techniques -- 9.3.1. Sample Collection -- 9.3.2. Sample Treatment -- 9.3.3. Characterization and Quantification of MNPs -- 9.4. Problems Caused by MNPs -- 9.4.1. Environmental Problems -- 9.4.2. Plastic and Human Health -- 9.5. Plastic Waste Management -- 9.6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 10: Environmental Fate, Behavior, and Risk Management Approaches of Nanoplastics in the Environment: Current Scenario and Future Insights -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Formation of Microplastics and Nanoplastics.
10.3. Properties of Microplastics and Nanoplastics -- 10.3.1. Size and Morphology of Microplastics and Nanoplastics -- 10.3.2. Chemical Methodologies of Identification of Microplastics and Nanoplastics -- 10.3.2.1. Vibration Spectroscopy and Microspectroscopy -- 10.3.2.2. Analytical Techniques -- 10.3.2.3. Mass Spectroscopy Methods -- 10.3.2.4. Surface Identification Methods -- 10.3.2.5. New Identification Strategies -- 10.4. Sources of Nanoplastics -- 10.5. Research Trends in The Past Ten Years -- 10.5.1. Marine -- 10.5.2. Freshwater -- 10.5.3. Soil -- 10.5.4. Atmosphere -- 10.5.5. Biota -- 10.5.6. Human Health -- 10.6. Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics -- 10.6.1. To Organisms in Terrestrial Ecosystems -- 10.6.2. To Organisms in Aquatic Ecosystem -- 10.6.3. To Human Beings -- 10.7. Risk Management Strategies for Microplastics and Nanoplastics -- 10.8. Challenges in Assessing and Mitigating the Plastics -- 10.9. Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- Chapter 11: Bioremediation and Biodegradation: Importance and Recent Development -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. History of Bioremediation and Biodegradation -- 11.3. Mechanism of Bioremediation and Biodegradation -- 11.3.1. Biosorption -- 11.3.2. Precipitation -- 11.3.3. Detoxification -- 11.3.4. Enzymatic Bioconversion -- 11.3.5. Degradation/Decomposition -- 11.4. Types of Bioremediations -- 11.4.1. Ex Situ -- 11.4.1.1. Biopile -- 11.4.1.2. Windrows -- 11.4.1.3. Bioreactor -- 11.4.1.4. Land Farming -- 11.4.2. In Situ -- 11.4.2.1. Bioslurping -- 11.4.2.2. Bioventing -- 11.4.2.3. Biosparging -- 11.4.2.4. Phytoremediation -- 11.4.2.5. Permeable Reactive Barrier -- 11.5. Living Machine in Bioremediation -- 11.5.1. Bacteria -- 11.5.2. Fungi -- 11.5.3. Algae -- 11.5.4. Plant -- 11.5.5. Engineered Microorganisms -- 11.6. Enzymes for the Bioremediation of Pollutants.
11.6.1. Organic Substrates Biodegradation -- 11.6.2. Inorganic Substrates Biodegradation -- 11.7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bioremediation -- 11.8. Bioremediation Applications/Case Studies -- 11.9. Conclusion and Future Scope -- Chapter 12: Bioremediation of Phthalate Esters Contaminated Soil with Augmentation Technique in Bioslurry Reactor -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Plasticwaste -- 12.3. Adsorption -- 12.3.1. Solid-phase Bioremediation (insitu) -- 12.4. Reactorconfiguration -- 12.5. Soil Slurry Preparation -- 12.6. Bioprocess Monitoring -- 12.7. Conclusion -- Index.

Sustainable waste management is a major step towards the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals. This book covers all technical, managerial, and legislative aspects of waste management at a global scale, providing a detailed description about different types of wastes, their characteristics, legal perspectives, and sustainable practices for their management. It explains developments in waste treatment technologies (classified based on waste type) and understanding the fundamentals of circular economy in waste management, supported by various case studies. Features: Discusses fundamentals of solid waste management for sustainable waste management practices Describes technological aspects of waste management covering various physicochemical, biochemical, and thermochemical processes Summarizes regulatory framework for waste management at the global level Highlights the scope for circular economy in managing solid wastes Includes dedicated chapters on case studies imperative for capacity building in waste management This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students, and professionals in environmental engineering, and waste management-- Provided by publisher.

Biography

Dr. Pratibha Gautam is Assistant Professor and Head of the Department of Environmental Science & Technology at UPL University of Sustainable Technology, Ankleshwar (Gujarat), India. Dr. Gautam is also a QCI-NABET approved Functional Area Expert (FAE) for air pollution monitoring, prevention, and control (AP). She is also designated as Technical Manager (TM) for NABL accredited Environmental Laboratory. In total, she has more than 10 years of industrial as well as academic experience. At present, she is actively involved in the environmental audit of industries and several research and consultancy projects based on environmental issues for industries. She has guided several graduate and postgraduate students on their thesis projects. She has a wide knowledge of different environmental aspects including solid waste management, air pollution control, advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment, environmental audits, etc. She has many publications in reputed international journals and has published several book chapters. She is a GATE and NET qualified environment professional and is the recipient of scholarships from the Indian government (MHRD) and the Netherlands government (NFP fellowship).

Dr. Vineet Kumar is presently working as a National Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences at the Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India. He earned his Ph.D. (2018) in Environmental Microbiology from Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Lucknow, India. Dr. Kumar’s research work mainly focuses on the wastewater treatment, biofuel production, and solid waste management. He has published more than 50 articles in peer-reviewed international journals of repute, 2 books, and 55 book chapters on various aspects of science and engineering, with more than citations 2300, and h-index 28. Dr. Kumar has been serving as a guest editor and reviewer in more than 60 prestigious International Journals. In addition, he has served the editorial board of various reputed journals. He has presented several papers relevant to his research areas in national and international conferences. He is an active member of numerous scientific societies including the Microbiology Society (UK), the Indian Science Congress Association (India), the Association of Microbiologists of India (India), etc. He is the founder of the Society for Green Environment, India (www.sgeindia.org). He can be reached at drvineet.micro@gmail.com and vineet.way18@gmail.com.

Dr. Sunil Kumar is a well-rounded researcher with more than 20 years of experience in leading, supervising, and undertaking research in the broad field of environmental engineering and science with a focus on solid and hazardous waste management. His primary area of expertise is solid waste management (municipal solid waste, electronic waste, biomedical waste, etc.) over a wide range of environmental topics including contaminated sites, EIA, and wastewater treatment. He has contributed extensively to these fields and has a citation of 8825, an h-index of 44, and an i10-index of 168 (Google Scholar). His contributions since inception at CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), India in 2000 include 300 refereed journal publications, 5 books and 40 book chapters, 10 edited volumes, and numerous project reports to various governmental and private, local, and international academic/research bodies. He is the Associate Editor of peer-reviewed journals of the international repute, that is, Environmental Chemistry Letter, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology and ASCE Journal of Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste. He also serves as Editorial Board in Bioresource Technology, Elsevier. He has completed more than 22 research projects as PI with 17 (7 awarded) Ph.D. and 17 M.Phil/M.Tech thesis/dissertations under his supervision. Dr. Kumar was also awarded the most prestigious award “Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Jean-Paul-Str.12 D-53173 Bonn, Germany” as a Senior Researcher for developing a Global Network and Excellence for more advanced research and technology innovation