14.4 The Maliuzhinets Impedance Wedge Solution 852
14.5 Geometrical Optics 854
14.6 Surface Wave Terms 863
14.7 Diffracted Fields 865
14.8 Surface Wave Transition Field 873
14.9 Computations 875
14.10 Multimedia 877
References 878
Problems 881
15 Green’s Functions 883
15.1 Introduction 883
15.2 Green’s Functions in Engineering 884
15.3 Sturm-Liouville Problems 889
15.4 Two-Dimensional Green’s Function in Rectangular Coordinates 906
15.5 Green’s Identities and Methods 917
15.6 Green’s Functions of the Scalar Helmholtz Equation 923
15.7 Dyadic Green’s Functions 935
15.8 Multimedia 938
References 938
Problems 939
16 Artificial Impedance Surfaces 943
16.1 Introduction 943
16.2 Corrugations 945
16.3 Artificial Magnetic Conductors, Electromagnetic Bandgap, and Photonic Bandgap Surfaces 947
16.4 Design of Mushroom AMC 950
16.5 Surface-Wave Dispersion Characteristics 955
16.6 Limitations of The Design 959
16.7 Applications of AMCs 959
16.8 RCS Reduction Using Checkerboard Metasurfaces 960
16.9 Antenna Fundamental Parameters and Figures-of-Merit 980
16.10 Antenna Applications 982
16.11 High-Gain Printed Leaky-Wave Antennas Using Metasurfaces 997
16.12 Metasurface Leaky-Wave Antennas 999
16.13 Multimedia 1013
References 1014
Problems 1019
Appendix I Identities 1023
Appendix II Vector Analysis 1027
Appendix III Fresnel Integrals 1037
Appendix IV Bessel Functions 1043
Appendix V Legendre Polynomials and Functions 1057
Appendix VI the Method of Steepest Descent (saddle-point Method) 1073
Glossary 1079
Index 1085
"Electromagnetic field theory is a discipline concerned with the study of charges, at rest and in motion, that produce currents and electric-magnetic fields. It is, therefore, fundamental to the study of electrical engineering and physics and indispensable to the understanding, design, and operation of many practical systems using antennas, scattering, microwave circuits and devices, radio-frequency and optical communications, wireless communications, broadcasting, geosciences and remote sensing, radar, radio astronomy, quantum electronics, solid-state circuits and devices, electromechanical energy conversion, and even computers. Circuit theory, a required area in the study of electrical engineering, is a special case of electromagnetic theory, and it is valid when the physical dimensions of the circuit are small compared to the wavelength. Circuit concepts, which deal primarily with lumped elements, must be modified to include distributed elements and coupling phenomena in studies of advanced systems. For example, signal propagation, distortion, and coupling in microstrip lines used in the design of sophisticated systems (such as computers and electronic packages of integrated circuits) can be properly accounted for only by understanding the electromagnetic field interactions associated with them. The study of electromagnetics includes both theoretical and applied concepts. The theoretical concepts are described by a set of basic laws formulated primarily through experiments conducted during the nineteenth century by many scientists-Faraday, Ampere, Gauss, Lenz, Coulomb, Volta, and others. Although Maxwell had come up with 20 equations with 20 variables, it was Heaviside and Hertz that both independently put them into a consistent and compact vectorial form. Both Heaviside and Hertz named them in honor of Maxwell, and today they are the widely acclaimed Maxwell's equations. The applied concepts of electromagnetics are formulated by applying the theoretical concepts to the design and operation of practical systems. In this chapter, we will review Maxwell's equations (both in differential and integral forms), describe the relations between electromagnetic field and circuit theories, derive the boundary conditions associated with electric and magnetic field behavior across interfaces, relate power and energy concepts for electromagnetic field and circuit theories, and specialize all these equations, relations, conditions, concepts, and theories to the study of time-harmonic fields."--
CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS is Regents Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University, USA. He received his BSEE from Virginia Tech in 1964, his MEE from the University of Virginia in 1966, his PhD in Electrical Engineering from The Ohio State University in 1969, and an honorary doctorate from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH). Professor Balanis is a Life Fellow of IEEE, author of Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, and editor of Modern Antenna Handbook, both published by Wiley.