Logic and contemporary rhetoric : the use of reason in everyday life /
Howard Kahane.
- Fourth edition.
- xiii, 321 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 308-313) and index.
Good and Bad Reasoning -- Reasoning and Arguments -- Exposition and Argument -- Cogent Reasoning -- Two Basic Kinds of Valid Arguments -- Some Wrong Ideas about Cogent Reasoning -- Background Beliefs -- Kinds of Background Beliefs -- Worldviews or Philosophies -- Insufficiently Grounded Beliefs -- Two Vital Kinds of Background Beliefs -- Science to the Rescue -- More on Deduction and Induction -- Deductive Validity -- Deductive Invalidity -- Syllogisms -- Indirect Proofs -- Tautologies, Contradictions, and Contingent Statements -- Inductive Validity (Correctness) and Invalidity (Incorrectness) -- A Misconception about Deduction and Induction -- Reasoning Cogently versus Being Right in Fact -- Fallacious Reasoning--1 -- Appeal to Authority -- Inconsistency -- Straw Man -- False Dilemma and the Either-Or Fallacy -- Begging the Question -- Questionable Premise--Questionable Statement -- Suppressed (Overlooked) Evidence -- Tokenism -- Fallacious Reasoning--2 -- Ad Hominem Argument -- Two Wrongs Make a Right -- Irrelevant Reason (Non Sequitur) -- Equivocation -- Appeal to Ignorance -- Composition and Division -- Slippery Slope -- Fallacious Reasoning--3 -- Hasty Conclusion -- Small Sample -- Unrepresentative Sample -- Questionable Cause -- Questionable Analogy -- Questionable Statistics -- Questionable Uses of Good Statistics -- Polls: An Important Special Case -- False Charge of Fallacy -- Psychological Impediments to Cogent Reasoning: Shooting Ourselves in the Foot -- Loyalty, Provincialism, and the Herd Instinct.