Applied bioengineering : innovations and future directions /
edited by Toshiomi Yoshida.
- 1 online resource.
-
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; List of Contributors; Chapter 1 Introduction; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Enzyme Technology; 1.3 Microbial Process Engineering; 1.3.1 Bioreactor Development; 1.3.2 Measurement and Monitoring; 1.3.3 Modeling and Control; 1.3.4 Solid-State Fermentation; 1.4 Plant Cell Culture; 1.5 Animal Cell Culture; 1.6 Environmental Bioengineering; 1.7 Composition of the Volume; References; Part I Enzyme Technology; Chapter 2 Enzyme Technology: History and Current Trends; 2.1 The Early Period up to 1890; 2.1.1 Observations and Empirical Results; 2.1.2 Theoretical Approaches. 2.2 The Period from 1890 to 19402.2.1 Scientific Progress; 2.2.2 Theoretical Developments; 2.2.3 Technological Developments; 2.3 A New Biocatalyst Concept -- Immobilized Enzymes; 2.3.1 Fundamental Research; 2.3.2 Examples of Industrial Development: The Case of Penicillin Amidase (PA) -- Penicillin Hydrolysis and Derivatives; 2.3.3 Examples of Industrial Development: The Case of Sugar Isomerization; 2.4 Expanding Enzyme Application after the 1950s; 2.5 Recombinant Technology -- A New Era in Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology; 2.5.1 New Enzymes -- A Key to Genetic Engineering. 2.5.2 Analytical and Diagnostic Enzymes2.5.3 Expanding Market of Industrial Enzymes; 2.6 Current Strategies for Biocatalyst Search and Tailor Design; 2.6.1 Enzyme Discovery from the Metagenome or Protein Databases; 2.6.2 Protein Engineering of Enzymes; 2.6.3 Enzyme Cascade Reactions; 2.6.4 Metabolic Engineering; 2.7 Summary and Conclusions; Acknowledgment; Abbreviations; References; Chapter 3 Molecular Engineering of Enzymes; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Protein Engineering: An Expanding Toolbox; 3.2.1 From Sequence to Fold and Function. 3.2.2 Improving Enzyme Properties by Rational Design and Directed Evolution3.2.3 Designing Smart Libraries; 3.2.4 In Vivo Continuous Directed Evolution; 3.2.5 Diversification of Enzyme Functionalities by Recombination; 3.3 High-Throughput Screening Systems; 3.4 Engineered Enzymes for Improved Stability and Asymmetric Catalysis; 3.4.1 Stability; 3.4.1.1 Cellulases; 3.4.1.2 Lipases; 3.4.2 Asymmetric Biocatalysis; 3.5 De Novo Design of Catalysts: Novel Activities within Common Scaffolds; 3.6 Conclusions; References; Chapter 4 Biocatalytic Process Development. 4.1 A Structured Approach to Biocatalytic Process Development4.2 Process Metrics; 4.2.1 Reaction Yield; 4.2.2 Productivity; 4.2.3 Biocatalyst Yield; 4.2.4 Product Concentration; 4.3 Technologies for Implementation of Biocatalytic Processes; 4.3.1 Biocatalyst Engineering; 4.3.1.1 Protein and Genetic Engineering; 4.3.1.2 Biocatalyst Immobilization; 4.3.2 Reaction Engineering; 4.3.2.1 Reactant Supply; 4.3.2.2 Product Removal; 4.3.2.3 Two-Phase Systems; 4.4 Industrial Development Examples; 4.4.1 Development of a Biocatalytic Route to Atorvastatin (Developed by Codexis Inc., USA)