4.2 Synthetic Polymer Nanocomposites as Engineered Food Packaging Materials 82
4.3 Natural Polymer Nanocomposites as Engineered Food Packaging Materials 92
4.4 Conclusions 99
5 Novel Nanostructured Inclusions in Biopolymers to Form Advanced Materials for Packaging in the Food Industry 113 Bratin Sengupta
5.1 Introduction 114
5.2 Biopolymers and Biodegradability 115
5.3 Improvement of Biopolymers Using Nanostructured Materials 118
5.4 Concerns of Application of Nanostructured Inclusions in Biopolymers 126
5.5 Conclusions 127
6 Natural Biopolymeric Nanotechnology-Based Food Packaging Materials with Antimicrobial Properties 135 Hitesh Chopra, Pooja Mittal, Rupesh K. Gautam and Mohammad Amjad Kamal
6.1 Introduction 136
6.2 Natural Antimicrobials Used in Packaging of Food Products 137
6.3 Types of Various Biopolymers with Antimicrobial Activities 139
6.4 Recent Patents in Field of Nanocomposites Food Packaging Applications 146
6.5 Types of Structures 148
6.6 Conclusion and Future Prospective 150
7 Nanotechnology in Food Packaging and Its Regulatory Aspects 157 Pooja Mittal, Anjali Saharan, Ramit Kapoor, Kashish Wilson and Rupesh K. Gautam
7.1 Introduction 158
7.2 Properties of Nanomaterials 161
7.3 Nanomaterials for Food Packaging 161
7.4 Drawbacks of Existing Packaging Materials 164
7.5 Proactive Packaging 164
7.6 Mechanism of Packaging 165
7.7 Smart Packaging 169
7.8 Public Concerns and Regulations for Nanomaterials 170
7.9 Conclusion and Future Prospective 171
8 Nanoencapsulation of Probiotics in Food Packaging 175 Gurleen Kaur, Rajinder Kaur, Nitu Rani and Sukhminderjit Kaur
8.1 Introduction 176
8.2 Nanomaterials for Encapsulation of Probiotics 177
8.3 Packaging Material for Nanoencapsulated Probiotics 181
8.4 Techniques Employed for Nanoencapsulation of Probiotics 185
8.5 Recent Advances in Nanoencapsulation of Probiotics 187
8.6 Advantage and Disadvantage of Nanoencapsulation of Probiotics 194
8.7 Conclusion 196
9 Incorporation of Nanocarriers as Antimicrobial Agents in Food Packaging 203 Shamkumar P. Deshmukh, Krishna K. Pawar and Dattatray K. Dalavi
9.1 Introduction 204
9.2 Need of Nanocarriers as Antimicrobial Agents in Food Packaging 206
9.3 Biopolymers and Their Nanocomposites as Antimicrobial Nanocarriers for Food Packaging 207
9.4 Lipid-Based Nanocarriers 215
9.5 Nature-Inspired Nanocarriers 219
9.6 Equipment-Based Synthesis of Nanocarriers 222
9.7 Nanostructured Materials 225
9.8 Conclusions 228
10 Toxicological Effects of Nanomaterials Used in Food Packaging 235 Rahul Singhal, Deepti Rawat and Bhawna Kaushik
10.1 Introduction 235
10.2 Nanomaterials Employed in Food Packaging 237
10.3 Food Packaging Functionality 238
10.4 Current Market Scenario of Nanomaterials in Packaging Industry 239
10.5 Nanoparticle Migration in Food 242
10.6 Potential Routes for Exposure of NPs 246
10.7 Toxicological Studies of NPs Used in Packaging 248
10.8 Toxicological Effects of NPs 248
10.9 Challenge and Future Prospect 260
10.10 Conclusion 261
11 Recent Advances in Micro- and Nanoencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds and Their Food Applications 271 Mehdi Taib, Fouad Damiri, Yahya Bachra, Mohammed Berrada and Lahboub Bouyazza
11.1 Introduction 272
11.2 The Importance of Encapsulating Bioactive Compounds in Food Science 272
11.3 Materials Utilized in Micro and Nanoencapsulation 274
11.4 Nano and Microencapsulation Techniques 275
11.5 Application to Nanoencapsulation for ProducingBioactive Food Ingredients 278
11.6 Conclusion 284
12 Applications of Nanosensors as Pathogen Detectors in Packaged Food 291 Samka Peregrine Maishu and Ngwa Celestine Atemenkeh
12.1 Background 292
12.2 Package Foods (Ways of Packaging) 293
12.3 Packaged Food Pathogens 296
12.4 Conventional Detection Techniques for Packaged Food Pathogens 298
12.5 Nanosensors as Pathogen Detectors 300
12.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 305
13 Nanotechnology in Packaging for Food Preservation 313 Ravish Choudhary, Varun Kumar and Reena Yadav
13.1 Introduction 314
13.2 Types of Packaging 316
13.3 Types of Nanomaterial and Their Advantages in Food Packaging 319
13.4 Advantages of Nanopackaging 330
13.5 Conclusion and Future Aspect 331
14 Food Science Nanotechnologies: Implementations, Recent Developments, and Prospects 343 Rokeya Akter, Tanima Bhattacharya and Md. Habibur Rahman
14.1 Introduction 344
14.2 Food Processing and Nanotechnology 346
14.3 Food Packaging for Nanotechnology 347
14.4 Intelligent Food Packaging Systems 348
14.5 Antimicrobial Properties of Nanoparticles 349
14.6 Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects of Nanoparticles 350
14.7 Nutraceutical Delivery and Bioavailability Applications 350
14.8 Food Technology and Nanoencapsulation 351
14.9 Mediated Delivery That is Specific to an Environmental Context 352
14.10 Nanomaterials in Food and Toxicological Aspects 353
14.11 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 354
15 Edible Film on Food With Smart Incorporation of Health-Friendly Supplements 361 Animesh Naskar, Ivi Chakraborty, Sebak Ranjan Roy and Tanima Bhattacharya
15.1 Introduction 362
15.2 Advantages and Limitations of Edible Films 363
15.3 Consumer Acceptance 363
15.4 Functions and Property of Film Forming Substances 364
15.5 Film Forming Process 366
15.6 Film/Coat Formulation and Various Components Used in Coating 367
15.7 Applications of Edible Film/Coating 374
15.8 Use of Nanoparticles as Biopolymer and Nanolaminates 376
15.9 Conclusion 376
16 Future of Food Packaging: Intelligent Packaging 383 Jincy Abraham
16.1 Introduction 384
16.2 Tools of Intelligent Packaging 386
16.3 Indicators 387
16.4 Tools for Protection Against Theft, Counterfeiting, and Tampering 407
16.5 Nanotechnology in Intelligent Packaging 409
16.6 Safety and Regulatory Issues 411
16.7 Future Trends 413
16.8 The Industrial Internet of Things 413
16.9 Real-Time Capabilities 413
16.10 Cybersecurity 414
16.11 Conclusion 414
References 414
Index 419
This book is specially designed with an emphasis on the state-of-the-art in nanotechnology and food packaging. It offers fascinating techniques for producing smart and active food packaging and also discusses its toxicity and the role that nanosensors play in detecting different pathogens in food packaging. The concluding chapters also explain recent developments concerning the incorporation of health supplements in food packaging and their future role in producing intelligent food packaging.
The 16 chapters of this book were contributed by academic and industry experts working in their respective areas of research and are thoughtfully arranged in a systematic fashion that preserves the flow of knowledge. An attempt has been made to include all the information in a single monograph to better understand the topics and technologies involved in the application of nanotechnology in intelligent food packaging.
Audience
The book is aimed at researchers, industry scientists such as chemists, biologists, polymer technologists, food packaging industrialists, biotechnologists, health experts, quality/food safety officials, and policymakers. It will also be helpful to graduate students in the fields of materials science, polymer science, and biotechnology to better understand the fundamental concepts involved in food packaging in relation to extending shelf life.
About the Author Annu, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Sciences, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India. She obtained her PhD degree in Chemistry from Jamia Millia Islamia, (A Central University), New Delhi. She has published several scientific research articles in international peer-reviewed journals as well as many book chapters. Her research interests include fabrication and modification of sustainable bionanocomposites, biomaterials, green synthesis of nanoparticles, modification in biopolymers and composite nanomaterials for their applications in biomedical, food packaging, nutraceuticals, textiles, and environmental sustainability.
Tanima Bhattacharya, PhD, is a formulation scientist, who completed her Doctoral degree in Food Processing & Nutrition Science from the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, West Bengal, India and gained overseas post-doctoral experience from the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of China. She has published several scientific research articles in international peer-reviewed journals and her research interests include the fabrication of biocompatible nanostructures and studying their properties and applications in the area of food science and technology and biomedical sciences.
Shakeel Ahmed, PhD, is an assistant professor of Chemistry at the Higher Education Department, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India. His PhD degree in Chemistry is from Jamia Millia Islamia, A Central University, New Delhi. He has published several research publications in the area of green nanomaterials and biopolymers for various applications including biomedical, packaging, and water treatment. He has published more than 20 books in the area of nanomaterials and green materials.