19.2 Additive and Subtractive Colours Generated by Reflective Dichroic Colour Filters 383
19.3 Colour Generation by Three Stacked Displays 385
19.4 LED Backlights 386
19.4.1 The advantages of LEDs as backlights 386
19.4.2 LED technology 386
19.4.3 Optics for LED backlights 395
19.4.4 Special applications for LED backlights 405
19.4.4.1 Saving power and realizing scanning with LED backlights 405
19.4.4.2 Field sequential displays with LED backlights 407
19.4.4.3 Active matrix addressed LED backlights 409
19.4.5 The electronic addressing of LEDs 409
19.5 Cell Assembly 411
20 Projectors with Liquid Crystal Light Valves 415
20.1 Single Transmissive Light Valve Systems 415
20.1.1 The basic single light valve system 415
20.1.2 The field sequential colour projector 416
20.1.3 A single panel scrolling projector 417
20.1.4 Single light valve projector with angular colour separation 418
20.1.5 Single light valve projectors with a colour grating 418
20.2 Systems with Three Light Valves 420
20.2.1 Projectors with three transmissive light valves 420
20.2.2 Projectors with three reflective light valves 421
20.2.3 Projectors with three LCOS light valves 422
20.3 Projectors with Two LC Light Valves 422
20.4 A Rear Projector with One or Three Light Valves 422
20.5 A Projector with Three Optically Addressed Light Valves 423
21 Liquid Crystal Displays with Plastic Substrates 427
21.1 Advantages of Plastic Substrates 427
21.2 Plastic Substrates and their Properties 428
21.3 Barrier Layers for Plastic Substrates 429
21.4 Thermo-Mechanical Problems with Plastics 430
21.5 Fabrication of TFTs and MIMs at Low Process Temperatures 435
21.5.1 Fabrication of a-Si:H TFTs at low temperature 435
21.5.2 Fabrication of low temperature poly-Si TFTs 435
21.5.3 Fabrication of MIMs at low temperature 437
21.5.4 Conductors and transparent electrodes for plastic substrates 438
21.6 Transfer of High Temperature Fabricated AMLCDs to a Flexible Substrate 438
22 Printing of Layers for LC Cells 443
22.1 Printing Technologies 443
22.1.1 Flexographic printing 443
22.1.2 Knife coating 444
22.1.3 Ink-jet printing 444
22.1.4 Silk screen printing 448
22.2 Surface Properties for Printing 449
22.3 Printing of Components for Displays 455
22.3.1 Ink-jet printed colour filters, alignment layers and phosphors for LED Backlights 455
22.3.2 Flexographic printing of alignment layers and of nematic liquid crystals 456
22.3.3 Printing of OTFTs 457
22.4 Cell Building by Lamination 461
23 Advances in TFTs and Structures for Enhancing Mobility
24 Fringe-Field Switching (FFS) Technologies
25 Automotive Applications of Liquid Crystal Displays
Appendix 1: Formats of Flat Panel Displays 463
Appendix 2: Optical Units of Displays 465
Appendix 3: Properties of Polarized Light 467
References 473
Index
Available to OhioLINK libraries.
"The book will continue the principle established in earlier editions, of providing a comprehensive view of LCD technology, spanning the entire field from materials physics to electronic driving; there are (many) other books which cover some aspects of LCD technology, but this volume will stand apart in offering this breadth of cover combined with a rigorous and detailed account of the physics and mathematical description of each essential part of the field. Whenever it will aid the reader?s understanding or ability to apply the material, appropriate formulae and their derivations are included. The new edition will include both new technologies and new applications fields, to provide the most up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative account possible"--
About the Author Ernst Lueder (retired), Emeritus Professor, University of Stuttgart, Germany Now retired, Ernst Lueder was Professor at the Department of Electrical Communications and Director of the Institute of Network and Systems Theory at Stuttgart University until 1999. He also headed a research laboratory for the fabrication of flat panel displays. Professor Lueder is a Fellow of SID and is also an IEEE Fellow. He has been awarded the order of merit 1st Class of the Federal Republic of Germany. Since his retirement from Stuttgart University, he has continued to be fully active in LCD development, conducting research and acting as an independent consultant and contractor, as well as authoring books on the subject. He has authored more than 200 publications on LCDs, Network and System Theory and Optimization, Sensors and Electro Optical Signal Processing. Seung Hee Lee, Chonbuk National University, South Korea Seung Hee Lee received his B.S. degree in Physics from Chonbuk National University in 1989 and Ph.D. degree from the Physics Department of Kent State University in 1994. In 1995, he joined the LCD division of Hyundai Electronics, until 2001. In addition, he has published over 60 SCI papers, 110 proceedings, and original and many key patents related to the FFS mode. In 2001, he became professor of Chonbuk National University. At present, he has published over 200 papers in international SCI journals and holds more than 100 registered international patents. He was awarded King of Invention twice while he was in industry. He also received several major awards such as SID Fellow in 2008, SID Special Recognition Award in 2012, and Merck Award-Major from the Korean Information Display Society in 2013, Jan-Rajchman Prize in 2016.
Peter Michael Knoll, KIT, Germany Professor Knoll studied electrical engineering at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, from 1965 to 1971. He completed doctoral work at the same University in 1973 (Doktor-Ingenieur, Dr.-Ing.). He was a Post-doc and Assistant Professor at the Institute for Theoretical Electrical Engineering at the University of Karlsruhe from 1973 until 1980. In 1980, he habilitated in general electrical engineering at the University of Karlsruhe, and he was appointed as Associated Professor for Displays and Human Machine Interaction at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Karlsruhe in 1988. He was employed at Robert Bosch GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany, in 1980, until his retirement in 2006. He is now active as Associated Professor for Driver Assistance Systems and associated Human Machine Interaction at the KIT, formerly University of Karlsruhe, Germany.