Balanis' advanced engineering electromagnetics / Constantine A. Balanis.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Table of Contents
Preface xix

About the Companion Website xxiii

1 Time-Varying and Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Maxwell’s Equations 2

1.3 Constitutive Parameters and Relations 5

1.4 Circuit-Field Relations 7

1.5 Boundary Conditions 12

1.6 Power and Energy 18

1.7 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 21

1.8 Multimedia 29

References 29

Problems 30

2 Electrical Properties of Matter 41

2.1 Introduction 41

2.2 Dielectrics, Polarization, and Permittivity 43

2.3 Magnetics, Magnetization, and Permeability 50

2.4 Current, Conductors, and Conductivity 57

2.5 Semiconductors 61

2.6 Superconductors 66

2.7 Metamaterials 68

2.8 Linear, Homogeneous, Isotropic, and Nondispersive Media 69

2.9 A.C. Variations in Materials 70

2.10 Multimedia 92

References 92

Problems 93

3 Wave Equation and Its Solutions 103

3.1 Introduction 103

3.2 Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields 103

3.3 Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields 105

3.4 Solution to the Wave Equation 106

3.5 Multimedia 125

References 125

Problems 125

4 Wave Propagation and Polarization 127

4.1 Introduction 127

4.2 Transverse Electromagnetic Modes 127

4.3 Transverse Electromagnetic Modes in Lossy Media 142

4.4 Polarization 151

4.5 Multimedia 171

References 171

Problems 172

5 Reflection and Transmission 179

5.1 Introduction 179

5.2 Normal Incidence—Lossless Media 179

5.3 Oblique Incidence—Lossless Media 183

5.4 Lossy Media 204

5.5 Reflection and Transmission of Multiple Interfaces 212

5.6 Polarization Characteristics on Reflection 228

5.7 Metamaterials 235

5.8 Multimedia 253

References 254

Problems 256

6 Auxiliary Vector Potentials, Construction of Solutions, and Radiation and Scattering Equations 271

6.1 Introduction 271

6.2 The Vector Potential A 272

6.3 The Vector Potential F 274

6.4 The Vector Potentials A and F 275

6.5 Construction of Solutions 277

6.6 Solution of the Inhomogeneous Vector Potential Wave Equation 291

6.7 Far-Field Radiation 295

6.8 Radiation and Scattering Equations 296

6.9 Multimedia 317

References 317

Problems 318

7 Electromagnetic Theorems and Principles 323

7.1 Introduction 323

7.2 Duality Theorem 323

7.3 Uniqueness Theorem 325

7.4 Image Theory 327

7.5 Reciprocity Theorem 335

7.6 Reaction Theorem 337

7.7 Volume Equivalence Theorem 338

7.8 Surface Equivalence Theorem: Huygens’ Principle 340

7.9 Induction Theorem (Induction Equivalent) 345

7.10 Physical Equivalent and Physical Optics Equivalent 349

7.11 Induction and Physical Equivalent Approximations 351

7.12 Multimedia 356

References 356

Problems 357

8 Rectangular Cross-Section Waveguides and Cavities 365

8.1 Introduction 365

8.2 Rectangular Waveguide 366

8.3 Rectangular Resonant Cavities 396

8.4 Hybrid (LSE and LSM) Modes 404

8.5 Partially Filled Waveguide 407

8.6 Transverse Resonance Method 419

8.7 Dielectric Waveguide 422

8.8 Stripline and Microstrip Lines 450

8.9 Ridged Waveguide 461

8.10 Multimedia 464

References 467

Problems 468

9 Circular Cross-Section Waveguides and Cavities 479

9.1 Introduction 479

9.2 Circular Waveguide 479

9.3 Circular Cavity 496

9.4 Radial Waveguides 505

9.5 Dielectric Waveguides and Resonators 512

9.6 Multimedia 537

References 537

Problems 539

10 Spherical Transmission Lines and Cavities 547

10.1 Introduction 547

10.2 Construction of Solutions 547

10.3 Biconical Transmission Line 555

10.4 The Spherical Cavity 559

10.5 Multimedia 567

References 567

Problems 567

11 Scattering 573

11.1 Introduction 573

11.2 Infinite Line-Source Cylindrical Wave Radiation 574

11.3 Plane Wave Scattering by Planar Surfaces 581

11.4 Cylindrical Wave Transformations and Theorems 597

11.5 Scattering by Circular Cylinders 605

11.6 Scattering By a Conducting Wedge 637

11.7 Spherical Wave Orthogonalities, Transformations, and Theorems 648

11.8 Scattering by a Sphere 653

11.9 Multimedia 663

References 664

Problems 666

12 Integral Equations and the Moment Method 677

12.1 Introduction 677

12.2 Integral Equation Method 678

12.3 Electric and Magnetic Field Integral Equations 701

12.4 Finite-Diameter Wires 721

12.5 Computer Codes 730

12.6 Multimedia 733

References 733

Problems 735

13 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction 739

13.1 Introduction 739

13.2 Geometrical Optics 740

13.3 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction: Edge Diffraction 759

13.4 Computer Codes 827

13.5 Multimedia 829

References 830

Problems 833

14 Diffraction by a Wedge with Impedance Surfaces 847

14.1 Introduction 847

14.2 Impedance Surface Boundary Conditions 849

14.3 Impedance Surface Reflection Coefficients 850

14.4 The Maliuzhinets Impedance Wedge Solution 852

14.5 Geometrical Optics 854

14.6 Surface Wave Terms 863

14.7 Diffracted Fields 865

14.8 Surface Wave Transition Field 873

14.9 Computations 875

14.10 Multimedia 877

References 878

Problems 881

15 Green’s Functions 883

15.1 Introduction 883

15.2 Green’s Functions in Engineering 884

15.3 Sturm-Liouville Problems 889

15.4 Two-Dimensional Green’s Function in Rectangular Coordinates 906

15.5 Green’s Identities and Methods 917

15.6 Green’s Functions of the Scalar Helmholtz Equation 923

15.7 Dyadic Green’s Functions 935

15.8 Multimedia 938

References 938

Problems 939

16 Artificial Impedance Surfaces 943

16.1 Introduction 943

16.2 Corrugations 945

16.3 Artificial Magnetic Conductors, Electromagnetic Bandgap, and Photonic Bandgap Surfaces 947

16.4 Design of Mushroom AMC 950

16.5 Surface-Wave Dispersion Characteristics 955

16.6 Limitations of The Design 959

16.7 Applications of AMCs 959

16.8 RCS Reduction Using Checkerboard Metasurfaces 960

16.9 Antenna Fundamental Parameters and Figures-of-Merit 980

16.10 Antenna Applications 982

16.11 High-Gain Printed Leaky-Wave Antennas Using Metasurfaces 997

16.12 Metasurface Leaky-Wave Antennas 999

16.13 Multimedia 1013

References 1014

Problems 1019

Appendix I Identities 1023

Appendix II Vector Analysis 1027

Appendix III Fresnel Integrals 1037

Appendix IV Bessel Functions 1043

Appendix V Legendre Polynomials and Functions 1057

Appendix VI the Method of Steepest Descent (saddle-point Method) 1073

Glossary 1079

Index 1085

"Electromagnetic field theory is a discipline concerned with the study of charges, at rest and in motion, that produce currents and electric-magnetic fields. It is, therefore, fundamental to the study of electrical engineering and physics and indispensable to the understanding, design, and operation of many practical systems using antennas, scattering, microwave circuits and devices, radio-frequency and optical communications, wireless communications, broadcasting, geosciences and remote sensing, radar, radio astronomy, quantum electronics, solid-state circuits and devices, electromechanical energy conversion, and even computers. Circuit theory, a required area in the study of electrical engineering, is a special case of electromagnetic theory, and it is valid when the physical dimensions of the circuit are small compared to the wavelength. Circuit concepts, which deal primarily with lumped elements, must be modified to include distributed elements and coupling phenomena in studies of advanced systems. For example, signal propagation, distortion, and coupling in microstrip lines used in the design of sophisticated systems (such as computers and electronic packages of integrated circuits) can be properly accounted for only by understanding the electromagnetic field interactions associated with them. The study of electromagnetics includes both theoretical and applied concepts. The theoretical concepts are described by a set of basic laws formulated primarily through experiments conducted during the nineteenth century by many scientists-Faraday, Ampere, Gauss, Lenz, Coulomb, Volta, and others. Although Maxwell had come up with 20 equations with 20 variables, it was Heaviside and Hertz that both independently put them into a consistent and compact vectorial form. Both Heaviside and Hertz named them in honor of Maxwell, and today they are the widely acclaimed Maxwell's equations. The applied concepts of electromagnetics are formulated by applying the theoretical concepts to the design and operation of practical systems. In this chapter, we will review Maxwell's equations (both in differential and integral forms), describe the relations between electromagnetic field and circuit theories, derive the boundary conditions associated with electric and magnetic field behavior across interfaces, relate power and energy concepts for electromagnetic field and circuit theories, and specialize all these equations, relations, conditions, concepts, and theories to the study of time-harmonic fields."-- Provided by publisher.

CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS is Regents Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University, USA. He received his BSEE from Virginia Tech in 1964, his MEE from the University of Virginia in 1966, his PhD in Electrical Engineering from The Ohio State University in 1969, and an honorary doctorate from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH). Professor Balanis is a Life Fellow of IEEE, author of Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, and editor of Modern Antenna Handbook, both published by Wiley.