Stantec's water treatment : principles and design / John C. Crittenden Ph. D., P.E., BCEE, NAE, Hightower Chair and Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar, Director of the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, R. Rhodes Trussell Ph. D., P.E., BCEE, NAE, Principal, Trussell Technologies, Inc., David W. Hand Ph. D., BCEEM, Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Kerry J. Howe Ph. D., P.E., BCEE, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, George Tchobanoglous Ph. D., P.E., BCEE, NAE, Professor Emeritus of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Table of Contents

Preface ix

Acknowledgments xiii

Foreword xv

About the Authors xvii

1 Introduction 1

2 Physical and Chemical Quality of Water 17

3 Microbiological Quality of Water 73

4 Water Quality Management Strategies 165

5 Principles of Chemical Reactions 225

6 Principles of Reactor Analysis and Mixing 287

7 Principles of Mass Transfer 391

8 Chemical Oxidation and Reduction 457

9 Coagulation and Flocculation 541

10 Gravity Separation 641

11 Granular Filtration 727

12 Membrane Filtration 819

13 Disinfection 903

14 Air Stripping and Aeration 1033

15 Adsorption 1117

16 Ion Exchange 1263

17 Reverse Osmosis 1335

18 Advanced Oxidation 1415

19 Disinfection/Oxidation By-products 1485

20 Removal of Selected Constituents 1529

21 Residuals Management 1625

22 Internal Corrosion of Water Conduits 1699

23 Potable Reuse 1805

Appendix A Conversion Factors 1881

Appendix B Physical Properties of Selected Gases and Composition of Air 1887

Appendix C Physical Properties of Water 1891

Appendix D Standard Atomic Weights 2001 1893

Appendix E Electronic Resources Available on the Stantec Website for This Textbook 1897

Index 1899

"Securing and maintaining an adequate supply of water has been one of the essential factors in the development of human settlements. The earliest developments were primarily concerned with the quantity of water available. Increasing population, however, has exerted more pressure on limited high-quality surface sources, and the contamination of water with municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes has led to a deterioration of water quality in many other sources. At the same time, water quality regulations have become more rigorous, analytical capabilities for detecting contaminants have become more sensitive, and the general public has become both more knowledgeable and more discriminating about water quality. Thus, the quality of a water source cannot be overlooked in water supply development. In fact, virtually all sources of water require some form of treatment before potable use. Water treatment can be defined as the processing of water to achieve a water quality that meets specified goals or standards set by the end user or a community through its regulatory agencies. Goals and standards can include the requirements of regulatory agencies, additional requirements set by a local community, and requirements associated with specific industrial processes. The evolution of water treatment practice has a rich history of empirical and scientific developments and challenges met and overcome. The primary focus of this book is the application of water treatment for the production of potable, or drinking, water on a municipal level. Water treatment, however, encompasses a much wider range of problems and ultimate uses, including home treatment units, community treatment plants, and facilities for industrial water treatment with a wide variety of water quality requirements that depend on the specific industry. Water treatment processes are also applicable to remediation of contaminated groundwater and other water sources and wastewater treatment when the treated wastewater is to be recycled for new uses. The issues and processes covered in this book are relevant to all of these applications"-- Provided by publisher.

John C. Crittenden is Director of the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and Hightower Chair and Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar at Georgia Institute of Technology.

R. Rhodes Trussell is the founder and chairman of Trussell Technologies and a former Senior Vice President at MWH (now part of Stantec)..

David W. Hand is Professor Emeritus of Civil, Environmental, and Geospatial Engineering at the Michigan Technological University.

Kerry J. Howe Distinguished Professor of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering at the University of New Mexico and former Principal Engineer at MWH (now part of Stantec).

George Tchobanoglous is Professor Emeritus of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of California, Davis.