Essential manual of 24-hour blood pressure management : from morning to nocturnal hypertension / Kazuomi Kario.

By: Kario, Kazuomi [author.]
Language: English Publisher: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2022Edition: Second editionDescription: 1 online resourceContent type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9781119799368; 9781119799405; 9781119799382Other title: Essential manual of twenty-four hour blood pressure managementSubject(s): Hypertension -- drug therapy | Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory | Blood Pressure -- physiology | Blood Pressure Determination | Circadian Rhythm -- physiologyGenre/Form: Electronic books.DDC classification: 616.1/32061 LOC classification: RC685.H8Online resources: Full text is available at Wiley Online Library Click here to view
Contents:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Author biography, xi Preface – Direction to “Perfect 24-hour Blood Pressure Control”, xv Acknowledgments, xix 1 Evidence and scientific rationale for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), 1 Diurnal BP variation and the concept of “perfect 24-hour BP control”, 1 Nocturnal hypertension and nocturnal BP dipping status, 3 Nocturnal BP dipping status, 3 Non-dipper patterns of BP and pulse rate, 3 Riser pattern of BP and cardiovascular disease risk, 4 Riser pattern and HF, 7 Riser pattern and brain damage, 15 Nocturnal hypertension, 17 Associated Conditions and Mechanisms of Nocturnal Hypertension, 20 Mechanism of cardiovascular risk of nocturnal hypertension, 22 Extreme dipping, 24 Morning surge in BP, 27 Definition of MBPS, 33 Morning BP surge and cardiovascular disease, 34 Morning BP surge and organ damage, 37 Determinants of MBPS, 43 Mechanism of morning risk, 44 Morning BP surge and hemostatic abnormalities, 46 Vascular mechanism of exaggerated morning BP surge, 49 BP Variability and systemic hemodynamic atherothrombotic syndrome (SHATS), 52 The resonance hypothesis of BP surge, 53 Orthostatic hypertension, 54 Ambulatory BP variability, 57 Visit-to-visit variability in office BP, 58 Vicious cycle between BP variability and vascular disease—SHATS, 59 White-coat and masked hypertension, 71 White-coat hypertension, 73 Masked hypertension, 75 Advances in ABPM, 75 Development of information and communication technology-based multi-sensor (IMS)-ABPM, 75 New ABPM indices, 77 HI-JAMP registry, 82 2 Scientific rationale for HBPM, 85 Five prospective, general practitioner-based, home BP studies, 85 Morning hypertension, 85 Control status of morning home BP in the J-HOP study, 88 Evidence for morning hypertension control, 89 Home BP variability, 99 Morning–evening difference (ME-dif), 99 SD, CV, ARV, and VIM of home BP, 101 Maximum home SBP, 103 Orthostatic Home BP Change, 103 Seasonal variation of home BP and “thermosensitive hypertension”, 109 Alcohol, 113 Daytime hypertension (stress hypertension), 115 Nighttime HBPM, 115 Cutting-edge of HBPM, 115 Basic nighttime home BP monitoring (Medinote), 119 Clinical evidence using nocturnal HBPM: J-HOP nocturnal BP study, 119 Trigger nighttime BP monitoring, 127 IT-based trigger nighttime BP monitoring system and the SPREAD study, 133 CPAP adherence and nighttime BP surge, 135 Antihypertensive medication on nighttime BP surge, 139 Wrist home HBPM and WISDOM Night study, 145 3 Practical use of ABPM and HBPM, 147 Concept and positioning of ABPM and HBPM in guidelines, 147 Recent guidelines, 147 Diagnosis of masked and white-coat hypertension, 147 Definition of morning hypertension, 148 Definition of nocturnal hypertension, 150 When to use HBPM and ABPM, 150 Clinically suspected SHATS, 152 Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), 154 Coupling study, 154 How to measure home BP, 155 Nighttime home BP measurement schedule, 159 ABPM parameters, 162 24-hour BP, 166 Daytime BP and nighttime BP, 166 Morning BP parameters, 166 Nighttime BP parameters, 166 MBPS parameters, 166 Nighttime BP surge parameters, 166 Nighttime BP dipping parameters, 167 ABPM-defined hypertension subtypes, 167 Home and ambulatory BP-guided management of hypertension, 167 STEpwise-Personalized 24-hour BP control approach (STEP24 approach), 167 Targeting morning hypertension (Step 1), 167 Targeting nocturnal hypertension (Step 2), 171 Pressor mechanism-based nighttime BP management strategy, 173 4 BP targets, when to initiate antihypertensive therapy, and nonpharmacological treatment, 177 Clinical implications of antihypertensive treatment, 177 SPRINT and automated office BP, 177 Meta-analysis of antihypertensive trials, 177 When to initiate antihypertensive therapy, 178 Patient preference, 178 Sodium intake, 179 Other dietary requirements, 181 Exercise, 183 Sleep hygiene, 185 Housing condition, 185 Applications and algorithms to facilitate lifestyle modification: CureAPP, 187 5 Antihypertensive medication, 189 Concept of 24-hour BP lowering including nighttime and morning BPs, 189 Chronotherapy, 189 Antihypertensive drug choice, 190 Calcium channel blockers, 190 Amlodipine, 194 Nifedipine, 195 Cilnidipine, 197 Azelnidipine, 199 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 201 Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), 201 Valsartan, 201 Telmisartan, 204 Candesartan, 204 Olmesartan, 205 Azilsartan, 206 Diuretics, 212 Alpha-adrenergic blockers and beta-adrenergic blockers, 214 Mineralocorticoid receptor blockers (MRB), 215 Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi), 217 Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA), 221 Combination therapy, including single pill combinations, 222 First-line therapy, 222 Second-line therapy, 222 Clinical trials of antihypertensive combination therapy, 226 Management of resistant hypertension, 238 Third-line therapy, 238 Fourth-line therapy, 239 SGLT2 inhibitors, 240 SACRA study, 243 SHIFT-J study, 244 LUSCAR study, 248 Summary, 250 Other BP-lowering therapies, 252 Hypnotics, 252 XOR inhibitor, 252 Herbal medication, 253 6 Renal denervation, 255 Unsolved issues in the treatment of hypertension and the era for renal denervation, 255 Hypothesis of perfect 24-hour BP control by renal denervation, 256 History, 257 Advances in devices, 262 Symplicity spyral system (radiofrequency thermal ablation), 262 Iberis® system, 264 Paradise system (ultrasonic thermal ablation), 264 Peregrine system (trans-arterial alcohol injection), 265 Other energy modalities, 266 Evidence for renal denervation treatment of hypertension from Sham-controlled trials, 266 SPYRAL trials, 266 Radiance-Htn Solo study, 268 Evidence from Japanese populations, 269 The Global Symplicity Registry (GSR), 269 Safety of the renal denervation procedure, 270 24-hour BP lowering profile for cardiovascular protection, 270 Responders and clinical indications, 272 7 Blood pressure linked telemedicine and telecare, 278 Anticipation medicine, 278 Innovation technology, 280 Concept of “trigger” management, 282 Multisensors and the real-time hybrid Wi-SUN/Wi-Fi transmission system, 283 AI and anticipation models, 284 Development of wearable beat-by-beat (surge) BP monitoring, 285 Surge index, 292 Disaster cardiovascular prevention (DCAP) network, 294 Successful anticipation model of ICT-based BP control, 302 Disaster hypertension, 302 COVID-19 era, 305 8 Asia perspectives, 311 What is the HOPE Asia Network?, 311 HOPE Asia Network achievements, 312 Characteristics of cardiovascular disease in Asia, 315 Obesity and salt intake in Asia, 315 24-hour ambulatory BP profile in Asia, 320 Asia BP@Home Study, 325 References, 328 Index, 368
Summary: "Blood pressure (BP) always varies over time, including beat-by-beat, trigger-induced, orthostatic, diurnal, day-by-day, weekly, seasonal, and age-related variations. Of these different BP variability components, circadian rhythm is the central component of individual BP variability, and there is a large body of accumulating evidence highlighting the importance of this parameter. Basic circadian rhythm forms the basis of individual diurnal BP variation (Figure 1.1) 1. The circadian rhythm of BP is physiologically determined partly by the intrinsic rhythm of central and peripheral clock genes, which regulate the neurohumoral factor and cardiovascular systems, and partly by the sleep-wake behavioral pattern, and is associated with various pathological conditions. In addition to different patterns of circadian rhythm, short-term BP variability such as morning BP surge (MBPS), physical or psychological stress-induced daytime BP, and nighttime BP surge triggered by hypoxic episodes in obstructive sleep apnea, arousal, rapid-eye-movement sleep, and nocturnal behavior (e.g. nocturia) modulates the circadian rhythm of BP, resulting in the different individual diurnal BP variation"-- Provided by publisher.
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
About the Author

Dr Kazuomi Kario, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA, FESC graduated from Jichi Medical School in 1986. He is currently Professor and Chairman of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Author biography, xi

Preface – Direction to “Perfect 24-hour Blood Pressure Control”, xv

Acknowledgments, xix

1 Evidence and scientific rationale for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), 1

Diurnal BP variation and the concept of “perfect 24-hour BP control”, 1

Nocturnal hypertension and nocturnal BP dipping status, 3

Nocturnal BP dipping status, 3

Non-dipper patterns of BP and pulse rate, 3

Riser pattern of BP and cardiovascular disease risk, 4

Riser pattern and HF, 7

Riser pattern and brain damage, 15

Nocturnal hypertension, 17

Associated Conditions and Mechanisms of Nocturnal Hypertension, 20

Mechanism of cardiovascular risk of nocturnal hypertension, 22

Extreme dipping, 24

Morning surge in BP, 27

Definition of MBPS, 33

Morning BP surge and cardiovascular disease, 34

Morning BP surge and organ damage, 37

Determinants of MBPS, 43

Mechanism of morning risk, 44

Morning BP surge and hemostatic abnormalities, 46

Vascular mechanism of exaggerated morning BP surge, 49

BP Variability and systemic hemodynamic atherothrombotic syndrome (SHATS), 52

The resonance hypothesis of BP surge, 53

Orthostatic hypertension, 54

Ambulatory BP variability, 57

Visit-to-visit variability in office BP, 58

Vicious cycle between BP variability and vascular disease—SHATS, 59

White-coat and masked hypertension, 71

White-coat hypertension, 73

Masked hypertension, 75

Advances in ABPM, 75

Development of information and communication technology-based multi-sensor (IMS)-ABPM, 75

New ABPM indices, 77

HI-JAMP registry, 82

2 Scientific rationale for HBPM, 85

Five prospective, general practitioner-based, home BP studies, 85

Morning hypertension, 85

Control status of morning home BP in the J-HOP study, 88

Evidence for morning hypertension control, 89

Home BP variability, 99

Morning–evening difference (ME-dif), 99

SD, CV, ARV, and VIM of home BP, 101

Maximum home SBP, 103

Orthostatic Home BP Change, 103

Seasonal variation of home BP and “thermosensitive hypertension”, 109

Alcohol, 113

Daytime hypertension (stress hypertension), 115

Nighttime HBPM, 115

Cutting-edge of HBPM, 115

Basic nighttime home BP monitoring (Medinote), 119

Clinical evidence using nocturnal HBPM: J-HOP nocturnal BP study, 119

Trigger nighttime BP monitoring, 127

IT-based trigger nighttime BP monitoring system and the SPREAD study, 133

CPAP adherence and nighttime BP surge, 135

Antihypertensive medication on nighttime BP surge, 139

Wrist home HBPM and WISDOM Night study, 145

3 Practical use of ABPM and HBPM, 147

Concept and positioning of ABPM and HBPM in guidelines, 147

Recent guidelines, 147

Diagnosis of masked and white-coat hypertension, 147

Definition of morning hypertension, 148

Definition of nocturnal hypertension, 150

When to use HBPM and ABPM, 150

Clinically suspected SHATS, 152

Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), 154

Coupling study, 154

How to measure home BP, 155

Nighttime home BP measurement schedule, 159

ABPM parameters, 162

24-hour BP, 166

Daytime BP and nighttime BP, 166

Morning BP parameters, 166

Nighttime BP parameters, 166

MBPS parameters, 166

Nighttime BP surge parameters, 166

Nighttime BP dipping parameters, 167

ABPM-defined hypertension subtypes, 167

Home and ambulatory BP-guided management of hypertension, 167

STEpwise-Personalized 24-hour BP control approach (STEP24 approach), 167

Targeting morning hypertension (Step 1), 167

Targeting nocturnal hypertension (Step 2), 171

Pressor mechanism-based nighttime BP management strategy, 173

4 BP targets, when to initiate antihypertensive therapy, and nonpharmacological treatment, 177

Clinical implications of antihypertensive treatment, 177

SPRINT and automated office BP, 177

Meta-analysis of antihypertensive trials, 177

When to initiate antihypertensive therapy, 178

Patient preference, 178

Sodium intake, 179

Other dietary requirements, 181

Exercise, 183

Sleep hygiene, 185

Housing condition, 185

Applications and algorithms to facilitate lifestyle modification: CureAPP, 187

5 Antihypertensive medication, 189

Concept of 24-hour BP lowering including nighttime and morning BPs, 189

Chronotherapy, 189

Antihypertensive drug choice, 190

Calcium channel blockers, 190

Amlodipine, 194

Nifedipine, 195

Cilnidipine, 197

Azelnidipine, 199

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 201

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), 201

Valsartan, 201

Telmisartan, 204

Candesartan, 204

Olmesartan, 205

Azilsartan, 206

Diuretics, 212

Alpha-adrenergic blockers and beta-adrenergic blockers, 214

Mineralocorticoid receptor blockers (MRB), 215

Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi), 217

Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA), 221

Combination therapy, including single pill combinations, 222

First-line therapy, 222

Second-line therapy, 222

Clinical trials of antihypertensive combination therapy, 226

Management of resistant hypertension, 238

Third-line therapy, 238

Fourth-line therapy, 239

SGLT2 inhibitors, 240

SACRA study, 243

SHIFT-J study, 244

LUSCAR study, 248

Summary, 250

Other BP-lowering therapies, 252

Hypnotics, 252

XOR inhibitor, 252

Herbal medication, 253

6 Renal denervation, 255

Unsolved issues in the treatment of hypertension and the era for renal denervation, 255

Hypothesis of perfect 24-hour BP control by renal denervation, 256

History, 257

Advances in devices, 262

Symplicity spyral system (radiofrequency thermal ablation), 262

Iberis® system, 264

Paradise system (ultrasonic thermal ablation), 264

Peregrine system (trans-arterial alcohol injection), 265

Other energy modalities, 266

Evidence for renal denervation treatment of hypertension from Sham-controlled trials, 266

SPYRAL trials, 266

Radiance-Htn Solo study, 268

Evidence from Japanese populations, 269

The Global Symplicity Registry (GSR), 269

Safety of the renal denervation procedure, 270

24-hour BP lowering profile for cardiovascular protection, 270

Responders and clinical indications, 272

7 Blood pressure linked telemedicine and telecare, 278

Anticipation medicine, 278

Innovation technology, 280

Concept of “trigger” management, 282

Multisensors and the real-time hybrid Wi-SUN/Wi-Fi transmission system, 283

AI and anticipation models, 284

Development of wearable beat-by-beat (surge) BP monitoring, 285

Surge index, 292

Disaster cardiovascular prevention (DCAP) network, 294

Successful anticipation model of ICT-based BP control, 302

Disaster hypertension, 302

COVID-19 era, 305

8 Asia perspectives, 311

What is the HOPE Asia Network?, 311

HOPE Asia Network achievements, 312

Characteristics of cardiovascular disease in Asia, 315

Obesity and salt intake in Asia, 315

24-hour ambulatory BP profile in Asia, 320

Asia BP@Home Study, 325

References, 328

Index, 368

"Blood pressure (BP) always varies over time, including beat-by-beat, trigger-induced, orthostatic, diurnal, day-by-day, weekly, seasonal, and age-related variations. Of these different BP variability components, circadian rhythm is the central component of individual BP variability, and there is a large body of accumulating evidence highlighting the importance of this parameter. Basic circadian rhythm forms the basis of individual diurnal BP variation (Figure 1.1) 1. The circadian rhythm of BP is physiologically determined partly by the intrinsic rhythm of central and peripheral clock genes, which regulate the neurohumoral factor and cardiovascular systems, and partly by the sleep-wake behavioral pattern, and is associated with various pathological conditions. In addition to different patterns of circadian rhythm, short-term BP variability such as morning BP surge (MBPS), physical or psychological stress-induced daytime BP, and nighttime BP surge triggered by hypoxic episodes in obstructive sleep apnea, arousal, rapid-eye-movement sleep, and nocturnal behavior (e.g. nocturia) modulates the circadian rhythm of BP, resulting in the different individual diurnal BP variation"-- Provided by publisher.

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