Ethics for A-level / Mark Dimmock and Andrew Fisher.

By: Dimmock, Mark [author.]
Contributor(s): Fisher, Andrew (Professor of philosophy) [author.] | Open Book Publishers [publisher.]
Language: English Publisher: Cambridge : Open Book Publishers, 2017Copyright date: 2017Description: 1 online resource (245 pages) : color illustrationsContent type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 1783743905; 1783743913; 1783743921; 9781783743902; 9781783743919; 9781783743926Other title: Ethics for A-level : for AQA Philosophy and OCR Religious Studies [Cover title]Subject(s): Ethics -- Case studies | Ethics -- Study and teachingGenre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: No title; No title; No title; No titleDDC classification: 170.71 LOC classification: BJ66Online resources: Click here to access online
Contents:
Ch. 1: Utilitarianism -- ch. 2: Kantian ethics -- ch. 3: Aristotelian virtue ethics -- ch. 4: Aquinas's natural law theory -- ch. 5: Fletcher's situation ethics -- ch. 6: Metaethical theories -- ch. 7: Euthanasia -- ch. 8: Business ethics -- ch. 9: Conscience -- ch. 10: Sexual ethics -- ch. 11: Stealing -- ch. 12: Simulated killing -- ch. 13: Telling lies -- ch. 14: Eating animals.
PREFACE. 1. Exam Specification Details ; 2. Book Structure References -- INTRODUCTION. 1. Philosophy, Ethics and Thinking ; 2. Respecting Ethics ; 3. The A-Level Student ; 4. Doing Ethics Well: Legality versus Morality ; 5. Doing Ethics Well: Prudential Reasons versus Moral Reasons ; 6. Doing Ethics Well: Prescriptive versus Descriptive Claims ; 7. Doing Ethics Well: Thought-Experiments ; 8. Doing Ethics Well: Understanding Disagreement Summary Questions and Tasks References -- PART I -- NORMATIVE ETHICS. CHAPTER 1: UTILITARIANISM. 1. Utilitarianism: An Introduction ; 2. Hedonism ; 3. Nozick's Experience Machine ; 4. The Foundations of Bentham's Utilitarianism ; 5. The Structure of Bentham's Utilitarianism ; 6. Hedonic Calculus ; 7. Problems with Bentham's Utilitarianism ; 8. Mill's Utilitarian Proof ; 9. Mill's Qualitative Utilitarianism ; 10. Mill's Rule Utilitarianism versus Bentham's Act Utilitarianism ; 11. Strong versus Weak Rule Utilitarianism ; 12. Comparing the Classical Utilitarians ; 13. Non-Hedonistic Contemporary Utilitarianism: Peter Singer and Preference Utilitarianism ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 2: KANTIAN ETHICS. 1. An Introduction to Kantian Ethics ; 2. Some Key Ideas ; 3. Acting for the Sake of Duty and Acting in Accordance with Duty ; 4. Categorical and Hypothetical Imperatives ; 5. The First Formulation of the Categorical Imperative ; 6. Perfect and Imperfect Duties ; 7. Second Formulation of the Categorical Imperative ; 8. The Third Formulation of the Categorical Imperative and Summary ; 9. Kant on Suicide ; 10. Problems and Responses: Conflicting Duties ; 11. Problems and Responses: The Role of Intuitions ; 12. Problem and Responses: Categorical Imperatives and Etiquette ; 13. Problems and Responses: The Domain of Morality ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 3: ARISTOTELIAN VIRTUE ETHICS. 1. Aristotelian Virtue Ethics Introduction ; 2. The Function Argument ; 3. Aristotelian Goodness ; 4. Eudaimonia and Virtue ; 5. Developing the Virtues ; 6. Practical Wisdom (Phronesis) ; 7. Voluntary Actions, Involuntary Actions and Moral Responsibility ; 8. Objection: Unclear Guidance ; 9. Objection: Clashing Virtues ; 10. Objection: Circularity ; 11. Objection: Contribution to Eudaimonia ; 12. Moral Good and Individual Good ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 4: AQUINAS'S NATURAL LAW THEORY. 1. Introduction to Aquinas ; 2. Motivating Natural Law Theory: The Euthyphro Dilemma and Divine Command Theory ; 3. Natural Law Theory ; 4. Summary of Aquinas's Natural Law Theory ; 5. Putting this into Practice: The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) ; 6. Some Thoughts about Natural Law Theory ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 5: FLETCHER'S SITUATION ETHICS. 1. Situation Ethics Introduction ; 2. Fletcher's Overall Framework ; 3. The Four Working Principles of Situationism ; 4. How to Work out What to Do: Conscience as a Verb not a Noun ; 5. The Six Propositions of Situation Ethics ; 6. Problems with Fletcher's Situationism ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- PART II -- METAETHICS. CHAPTER 6: METAETHICAL THEORIES. 1. Metaethics: Introduction ; 2. The Value of Metaethics ; 3. Cognitivism versus Non-Cognitivism ; 4. Realism versus Anti-Realism ; 5. The Metaethical Map ; 6. Cognitivist and Realist Theory One: Naturalism ; 7. Objections to Naturalism ; 8. Cognitivist and Realist Theory Two: Non-Naturalism ; 9. Objections to Intuitionism ; 10. Cognitivist and Anti-Realist Theory One: Moral Error Theory ; 11. Objections to Moral Error Theory ; 12. Non-Cognitivism ; 13. Non-Cognitivist and Anti-Realist Theory One: Emotivism ; 14. Objections to Emotivism ; 15. Non-Cognitivist and Anti-Realist Theory Two: Prescriptivism ; 16. Objections to Prescriptivism Summary Common Student Mistakes Issues to Consider Key Terminology References -- PART III -- APPLIED ETHICS. CHAPTER 7: EUTHANASIA. 1. Euthanasia Introduction ; 2. Key Terms ; 3. Case One: Persistent Vegetative State ; 4. Case Two: Incurable and Terminal Illness ; 5. Pro-Euthanasia: Argument One ; 6. Pro-Euthanasia: Argument Two ; 7. Pro-Euthanasia: Argument Three ; 8. Anti-Euthanasia: Argument One ; 9. Anti-Euthanasia: Argument Two ; 10. Anti-Euthanasia: Argument Three ; 11. Anti-Euthanasia: Argument Four ; 12. Allowing versus Doing ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 8: BUSINESS ETHICS. 1. Introduction to Business Ethics ; 2. Employers and Employees ; 3. Businesses and Customers ; 4. A Business and the Environment ; 5. Business and Globalization ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 9: CONSCIENCE. 1. Introduction ; 2. The History of Conscience ; 3. Aquinas on Conscience ; 4. Freud and the Conscience ; 5. Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 10: SEXUAL ETHICS. 1. Philosophy of Sex Introduction ; 2. What Is It to "Have Sex"? ; 3. Natural Law and Sex ; 4. Kant and Sex ; 5. Sex and Utilitarianism ; 6. Sex and the Virtue Theory ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 11: STEALING. 1. Stealing: Introduction ; 2. Defining Stealing ; 3. Kantian Ethics on Stealing ; 4. Act and Preference Utilitarianism on Stealing ; 5. Rule Utilitarianism on Stealing ; 6. Virtue Ethics on Stealing ; 7. Metaethics and Stealing ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 12: SIMULATED KILLING. 1. Introduction ; 2. Utilitarianism and Simulated Killing ; 3. The Kantian and the Virtue Ethics Approach ; 4. Films and Plays ; 5. The Paradox of Tragedy (or More Correctly the Paradox of "Negative Emotions") ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 13: TELLING LIES. 1. Introduction ; 2. What Is It to Lie? ; 3. Utilitarianism ; 4. The Kantian and Lying ; 5. Some Final Thoughts about the Political Context ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 14: EATING ANIMALS. 1. Eating Animals Introduction ; 2. Justifying Meat Eating ; 3. Act Utilitarianism ; 4. Challenges to Bentham ; 5. Utilitarian Reasons for Eating Animals ; 6. Kantian Ethics and Eating Animals ; 7. Virtue Ethics and Eating Animals ; 8. Cora Diamond ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- GLOSSARY.
Summary: "What does pleasure have to do with morality? What role, if any, should intuition have in the formation of moral theory? If something is 'simulated', can it be immoral? This accessible and wide-ranging textbook explores these questions and many more. Key ideas in the fields of normative ethics, metaethics and applied ethics are explained rigorously and systematically, with a vivid writing style that enlivens the topics with energy and wit. Individual theories are discussed in detail in the first part of the book, before these positions are applied to a wide range of contemporary situations including business ethics, sexual ethics, and the acceptability of eating animals. A wealth of real-life examples, set out with depth and care, illuminate the complexities of different ethical approaches while conveying their modern-day relevance. This concise and highly engaging resource is tailored to the Ethics components of AQA Philosophy and OCR Religious Studies, with a clear and practical layout that includes end-of-chapter summaries, key terms, and common mistakes to avoid. It should also be of practical use for those teaching Philosophy as part of the International Baccalaureate. Ethics for A-Level is of particular value to students and teachers, but Fisher and Dimmock's precise and scholarly approach will appeal to anyone seeking a rigorous and lively introduction to the challenging subject of ethics."--Publisher's website.
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Cover title has subtitle: Ethics for A-level : for AQA Philosophy and OCR Religious Studies.

Includes bibliographical references.

Ch. 1: Utilitarianism -- ch. 2: Kantian ethics -- ch. 3: Aristotelian virtue ethics -- ch. 4: Aquinas's natural law theory -- ch. 5: Fletcher's situation ethics -- ch. 6: Metaethical theories -- ch. 7: Euthanasia -- ch. 8: Business ethics -- ch. 9: Conscience -- ch. 10: Sexual ethics -- ch. 11: Stealing -- ch. 12: Simulated killing -- ch. 13: Telling lies -- ch. 14: Eating animals.

PREFACE. 1. Exam Specification Details ; 2. Book Structure References -- INTRODUCTION. 1. Philosophy, Ethics and Thinking ; 2. Respecting Ethics ; 3. The A-Level Student ; 4. Doing Ethics Well: Legality versus Morality ; 5. Doing Ethics Well: Prudential Reasons versus Moral Reasons ; 6. Doing Ethics Well: Prescriptive versus Descriptive Claims ; 7. Doing Ethics Well: Thought-Experiments ; 8. Doing Ethics Well: Understanding Disagreement Summary Questions and Tasks References -- PART I -- NORMATIVE ETHICS. CHAPTER 1: UTILITARIANISM. 1. Utilitarianism: An Introduction ; 2. Hedonism ; 3. Nozick's Experience Machine ; 4. The Foundations of Bentham's Utilitarianism ; 5. The Structure of Bentham's Utilitarianism ; 6. Hedonic Calculus ; 7. Problems with Bentham's Utilitarianism ; 8. Mill's Utilitarian Proof ; 9. Mill's Qualitative Utilitarianism ; 10. Mill's Rule Utilitarianism versus Bentham's Act Utilitarianism ; 11. Strong versus Weak Rule Utilitarianism ; 12. Comparing the Classical Utilitarians ; 13. Non-Hedonistic Contemporary Utilitarianism: Peter Singer and Preference Utilitarianism ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 2: KANTIAN ETHICS. 1. An Introduction to Kantian Ethics ; 2. Some Key Ideas ; 3. Acting for the Sake of Duty and Acting in Accordance with Duty ; 4. Categorical and Hypothetical Imperatives ; 5. The First Formulation of the Categorical Imperative ; 6. Perfect and Imperfect Duties ; 7. Second Formulation of the Categorical Imperative ; 8. The Third Formulation of the Categorical Imperative and Summary ; 9. Kant on Suicide ; 10. Problems and Responses: Conflicting Duties ; 11. Problems and Responses: The Role of Intuitions ; 12. Problem and Responses: Categorical Imperatives and Etiquette ; 13. Problems and Responses: The Domain of Morality ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 3: ARISTOTELIAN VIRTUE ETHICS. 1. Aristotelian Virtue Ethics Introduction ; 2. The Function Argument ; 3. Aristotelian Goodness ; 4. Eudaimonia and Virtue ; 5. Developing the Virtues ; 6. Practical Wisdom (Phronesis) ; 7. Voluntary Actions, Involuntary Actions and Moral Responsibility ; 8. Objection: Unclear Guidance ; 9. Objection: Clashing Virtues ; 10. Objection: Circularity ; 11. Objection: Contribution to Eudaimonia ; 12. Moral Good and Individual Good ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 4: AQUINAS'S NATURAL LAW THEORY. 1. Introduction to Aquinas ; 2. Motivating Natural Law Theory: The Euthyphro Dilemma and Divine Command Theory ; 3. Natural Law Theory ; 4. Summary of Aquinas's Natural Law Theory ; 5. Putting this into Practice: The Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) ; 6. Some Thoughts about Natural Law Theory ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 5: FLETCHER'S SITUATION ETHICS. 1. Situation Ethics Introduction ; 2. Fletcher's Overall Framework ; 3. The Four Working Principles of Situationism ; 4. How to Work out What to Do: Conscience as a Verb not a Noun ; 5. The Six Propositions of Situation Ethics ; 6. Problems with Fletcher's Situationism ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- PART II -- METAETHICS. CHAPTER 6: METAETHICAL THEORIES. 1. Metaethics: Introduction ; 2. The Value of Metaethics ; 3. Cognitivism versus Non-Cognitivism ; 4. Realism versus Anti-Realism ; 5. The Metaethical Map ; 6. Cognitivist and Realist Theory One: Naturalism ; 7. Objections to Naturalism ; 8. Cognitivist and Realist Theory Two: Non-Naturalism ; 9. Objections to Intuitionism ; 10. Cognitivist and Anti-Realist Theory One: Moral Error Theory ; 11. Objections to Moral Error Theory ; 12. Non-Cognitivism ; 13. Non-Cognitivist and Anti-Realist Theory One: Emotivism ; 14. Objections to Emotivism ; 15. Non-Cognitivist and Anti-Realist Theory Two: Prescriptivism ; 16. Objections to Prescriptivism Summary Common Student Mistakes Issues to Consider Key Terminology References -- PART III -- APPLIED ETHICS. CHAPTER 7: EUTHANASIA. 1. Euthanasia Introduction ; 2. Key Terms ; 3. Case One: Persistent Vegetative State ; 4. Case Two: Incurable and Terminal Illness ; 5. Pro-Euthanasia: Argument One ; 6. Pro-Euthanasia: Argument Two ; 7. Pro-Euthanasia: Argument Three ; 8. Anti-Euthanasia: Argument One ; 9. Anti-Euthanasia: Argument Two ; 10. Anti-Euthanasia: Argument Three ; 11. Anti-Euthanasia: Argument Four ; 12. Allowing versus Doing ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 8: BUSINESS ETHICS. 1. Introduction to Business Ethics ; 2. Employers and Employees ; 3. Businesses and Customers ; 4. A Business and the Environment ; 5. Business and Globalization ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 9: CONSCIENCE. 1. Introduction ; 2. The History of Conscience ; 3. Aquinas on Conscience ; 4. Freud and the Conscience ; 5. Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 10: SEXUAL ETHICS. 1. Philosophy of Sex Introduction ; 2. What Is It to "Have Sex"? ; 3. Natural Law and Sex ; 4. Kant and Sex ; 5. Sex and Utilitarianism ; 6. Sex and the Virtue Theory ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 11: STEALING. 1. Stealing: Introduction ; 2. Defining Stealing ; 3. Kantian Ethics on Stealing ; 4. Act and Preference Utilitarianism on Stealing ; 5. Rule Utilitarianism on Stealing ; 6. Virtue Ethics on Stealing ; 7. Metaethics and Stealing ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 12: SIMULATED KILLING. 1. Introduction ; 2. Utilitarianism and Simulated Killing ; 3. The Kantian and the Virtue Ethics Approach ; 4. Films and Plays ; 5. The Paradox of Tragedy (or More Correctly the Paradox of "Negative Emotions") ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 13: TELLING LIES. 1. Introduction ; 2. What Is It to Lie? ; 3. Utilitarianism ; 4. The Kantian and Lying ; 5. Some Final Thoughts about the Political Context ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- CHAPTER 14: EATING ANIMALS. 1. Eating Animals Introduction ; 2. Justifying Meat Eating ; 3. Act Utilitarianism ; 4. Challenges to Bentham ; 5. Utilitarian Reasons for Eating Animals ; 6. Kantian Ethics and Eating Animals ; 7. Virtue Ethics and Eating Animals ; 8. Cora Diamond ; Summary ; Common Student Mistakes ; Issues to Consider ; Key Terminology ; References -- GLOSSARY.

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"What does pleasure have to do with morality? What role, if any, should intuition have in the formation of moral theory? If something is 'simulated', can it be immoral? This accessible and wide-ranging textbook explores these questions and many more. Key ideas in the fields of normative ethics, metaethics and applied ethics are explained rigorously and systematically, with a vivid writing style that enlivens the topics with energy and wit. Individual theories are discussed in detail in the first part of the book, before these positions are applied to a wide range of contemporary situations including business ethics, sexual ethics, and the acceptability of eating animals. A wealth of real-life examples, set out with depth and care, illuminate the complexities of different ethical approaches while conveying their modern-day relevance. This concise and highly engaging resource is tailored to the Ethics components of AQA Philosophy and OCR Religious Studies, with a clear and practical layout that includes end-of-chapter summaries, key terms, and common mistakes to avoid. It should also be of practical use for those teaching Philosophy as part of the International Baccalaureate. Ethics for A-Level is of particular value to students and teachers, but Fisher and Dimmock's precise and scholarly approach will appeal to anyone seeking a rigorous and lively introduction to the challenging subject of ethics."--Publisher's website.

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