Advanced concrete technology / Zongjin Li.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Zongjin Li is a Professor in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He is the chief scientist in a study of environmentally friendly contemporary concrete, a national key project in China.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface xi

1 Introduction to Concrete 1

1.1 Concrete Definition and Historical Development 1

1.2 Concrete as a Structural Material 7

1.3 Characteristics of Concrete 10

1.4 Types of Concrete 14

1.5 Factors Influencing Concrete Properties 16

1.6 Approaches to Study Concrete 19

Discussion Topics 21

References 22

2 Materials for Making Concrete 23

2.1 Aggregates 23

2.2 Cementitious Binders 31

2.3 Admixtures 68

2.4 Water 85

Discussion Topics 88

Problems 89

References 90

3 Fresh Concrete 94

3.1 Workability of Fresh Concrete 94

3.2 Mix Design 107

3.3 Procedures for Concrete Mix Design 116

3.4 Manufacture of Concrete 122

3.5 Delivery of Concrete 123

3.6 Concrete Placing 125

3.7 Early-Age Properties of Concrete 135

Discussion Topics 137

Problems 137

References 138

4 Structure of Concrete 140

4.1 Introduction 140

4.2 Structural Levels 141

4.3 Structure of Concrete in Nanometer Scale: C–S–H Structure 145

4.4 Transition Zone in Concrete 152

4.5 Microstructural Engineering 156

Discussion Topics 162

References 163

5 Hardened Concrete 164

5.1 Strengths of Hardened Concrete 164

5.2 Stress–Strain Relationship and Constitutive Equations 189

5.3 Dimensional Stability—Shrinkage and Creep 197

5.4 Durability 216

Discussion Topics 246

Problems 246

References 248

6 Advanced Cementitious Composites 251

6.1 Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites 251

6.2 High-Strength Cementitious Composites 270

6.3 Polymers in Concrete 281

6.4 Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete 292

6.5 Self-Compacting Concrete 296

6.6 Engineered Cementitious Composite 310

6.7 Tube-Reinforced Concrete 312

6.8 High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete 316

6.9 Structural Lightweight Concrete 317

6.10 Heavyweight Concrete 317

Discussion Topics 317

Problems 319

References 320

7 Concrete Fracture Mechanics 326

7.1 Introduction 326

7.2 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics 330

7.3 The Crack Tip Plastic Zone 337

7.4 Crack Tip Opening Displacement 340

7.5 Fracture Process in Concrete 342

7.6 Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics for Concrete 346

7.7 Two-Parameter Fracture Model 348

7.8 Size Effect Model 355

7.9 The Fictitious Model by Hillerborg 364

7.10 R-Curve Method for Quasi-Brittle Materials 369

Discussion Topics 374

Problems 375

References 379

8 Nondestructive Testing in Concrete Engineering 381

8.1 Introduction 381

8.2 Review of Wave Theory for a 1D Case 394

8.3 Reflected and Transmitted Waves 403

8.4 Attenuation and Scattering 406

8.5 Main Commonly Used NDT-CE Techniques 407

8.6 Noncontacting Resistivity Measurement Method 458

Discussion Topics 468

Problems 469

References 472

9 The Future and Development Trends of Concrete 476

9.1 Sustainability of Concrete 476

9.2 Deep Understanding of the Nature of Hydration 483

9.3 Load-Carrying Capability–Durability Unified Service Life Design Theory 485

9.4 High Toughness and Ductile Concrete 487

References 489

Index 491

Over the past two decades concrete has enjoyed a renewed level of research and testing, resulting in the development of many new types of concrete. Through the use of various additives, production techniques and chemical processes, there is now a great degree of control over the properties of specific concretes for a wide range of applications. New theories, models and testing techniques have also been developed to push the envelope of concrete as a building material. There is no current textbook which brings all of these advancements together in a single volume. This book aims to bridge the gap between the traditional concrete technologies and the emerging state-of-the-art technologies which are gaining wider use.