Decision-making in crisis situations : research and innovation for optimal training / edited by Sophie Sauvagnargues.

Includes bibliographical references and index

Contents

Introduction xi Sophie SAUVAGNARGUES
Chapter 1. Concepts, Tools and Methods for Crisis Management Training
1 Sophie SAUVAGNARGUES, Dimitri LAPIERRE, Philippe LIMOUSIN, Noemie FREALLE, Florian TENA-CHOLLET, Pierre-Alain AYRAL, Aurelia BONY-DANDRIEUX and Jerome TIXIER 1.1. The crisis unit at the heart of the process
1 1.2. Training for crisis units
6 1.3. Simulation of critical situations
10 1.4. The construction of crisis simulation exercises
14 1.5. The simulation and research platform of the Institute of Risk Sciences (IMT Mines Ales)
19 1.6. Conclusion
22 1.7. References
23
Chapter 2. Towards A Serious Game Within the Frame of Major Crisis Simulations for Decision-makers: How Do We Connect the DOTs?
35 Florian TENA-CHOLLET, Aurelia BONY-DANDRIEUX, and Jerome TIXIER 2.1. Introduction
35 2.2. State of the art
38 2.2.1. Teaching strategy
38 2.2.2. Simulation strategy
39 2.2.3. Training environment
40 2.3. Methodology
41 2.3.1. Definition of "Degrees of Training"
41 2.3.2. Connecting the DOTs with a definition of the skills required
42 2.3.3. Skills activation by a crisis scenario
44 2.3.4. Scenario execution through a simulation
45 2.3.5. Simulation execution through a semi-virtual training environment (SVTE)
46 2.3.6. Towards serious gaming in a real infrastructure for crisis management training
49 2.4. Discussion
51 2.5. Conclusion
54 2.6. References
55
Chapter 3. Improving Crisis Exercises and Managers' Skills through the Development of Scenario Design
59 Philippe LIMOUSIN, Aurelia BONY-DANDRIEUX, Jerome TIXIER and Sophie SAUVAGNARGUES 3.1. What is a pedagogical scenario for a crisis exercise?
59 3.2. Why and for whom the script is crucial?
60 3.2.1. Stakes of scriptwriting for participants
61 3.2.2. Stakes of scriptwriting for animators
61 3.2.3. Stakes of scriptwriting for observers
62 3.3. How can we improve the pedagogical scripting of crisis exercises?
62 3.4. Methodology to develop a crisis exercise scenario
64 3.4.1. Prepare the scriptwriting
65 3.4.2. Better define the objectives to achieve
65 3.4.3. Develop the crisis scene and construct the initial spatio-temporal structure of the scenario
67 3.4.4. Insert learning levers to solicit training objectives: the obstacles
68 3.4.5. Insert stimuli to not solicit unselected objectives: support stimuli
69 3.4.6. Adjust the number of stimuli to the level and objectives of the participants
70 3.4.7. Recreate a crisis universe: crisis stimuli
70 3.4.8. Verify and validate the pedagogical scriptwriting
72 3.4.9. Prepare the scenario for animators and observers
72 3.5. Conclusion
73 3.6. References
74
Chapter 4. Elaboration of Tools to Facilitate the Scenario Development of Crisis Management Training
79 Noemie FREALLE, Florian TENA-CHOLLET and Sophie SAUVAGNARGUES 4.1. Introduction
79 4.2. State of the art
80 4.2.1. The limitations encountered
80 4.2.2. Analogy with interactive narratives
84 4.3. Method
87 4.3.1. Facilitation form
87 4.3.2. Management of facilitation data
90 4.4. Results
93 4.4.1. Facilitation form for the technical field team leader
93 4.4.2. The "lockdown" mission's information flow diagram used in a simulation exercise at the communal level
96 4.5. Conclusion and perspectives
97 4.6. References
98
Chapter 5. How Can We Evaluate the Participants of a Crisis Management Training Exercise?
103 Dimitri LAPIERRE, Florian TENA-CHOLLET, Jerome TIXIER, Aurelia BONY-DANDRIEUX and Karine WEISS 5.1. Introduction
103 5.2. Review
105 5.3. Methodology
108 5.4. Results
116 5.5. Conclusion
120 5.6. References
121
Chapter 6. Managing the Game Within Crisis Exercises
125 David GOUTX, Sophie SAUVAGNARGUES and Laurent MERMET 6.1. Introduction
125 6.1.1. The concept of Ludicity: a definition
126 6.2. Key components of Ludicity
128 6.2.1. The span of the game space
128 6.2.2. Magic circle and rabbit hole
130 6.2.3. Characters and persona
132 6.2.4. Game master
134 6.3. Manifestations of Ludicity
135 6.3.1. Engagement and pedagogy
135 6.3.2. Style of play
137 6.4. Managing Ludicity
139 6.4.1. Observing and detecting Ludicity
139 6.4.2. Using Ludicity to augment the simulation
141 6.5. Conclusions
143 6.5.1. Using Ludicity to mend the simulation
143 6.5.2. Crisis exercise or crisis simulacrum: does the exercise imitate life or does life imitate the exercise?
144 6.6. References
145
Chapter 7. Digital Training for Authorities: What is the Best Way to Communicate During a Crisis?
149 Clement LAVERDET, Karine WEISS, Aurelia BONY-DANDRIEUX, Jerome TIXIER and Serge CAPAROS 7.1. What is a good crisis communication?
150 7.2. Information dissemination
153 7.3. Behavioral communication
154 7.4. Method
155 7.5. Results
156 7.5.1. Situation report
156 7.5.2. Editorial line: normal and crisis times
157 7.5.3. Quality of communication
160 7.5.4. Defining a crisis editorial line
163 7.5.5. Behavior, dissemination orders and crisis storytelling
164 7.6. Summary
167 7.7. Limits
167 7.8. Conclusion
168 7.9. References
169
Chapter 8. Some Perspectives Moving Forward
175 Sophie SAUVAGNARGUES, Dimitri LAPIERRE, Philippe LIMOUSIN, Noemie FREALLE, Florian TENA-CHOLLET, David GOUTX, Pierre-Alain AYRAL, Aurelia BONY-DANDRIEUX and Jerome TIXIER 8.1. Introduction
175 8.2. Understanding what is played out in a crisis unit
177 8.2.1. From the observation and debriefing point of view
177 8.2.2. From the physiological and behavioral point of view
179 8.3. Developing new methods to improve learner immersion
180 8.3.1. Getting closer to reality, or modifying it
180 8.3.2. Encouraging learner engagement
181 8.3.3. Developing credible, pedagogical and interactive exercise scenarios
183 8.4. Implementing innovative complementary tools
183 8.5. Conclusion
185 8.6. References
186 List of Authors
189 Index 191.

Urban logistics has been a subject of interest to researchers and practitioners for more than 20 years in France and Europe, and more than 40 in the United States. Nevertheless, the subject remains difficult to address by a lack of unification in the definitions and proposed methods but also by what makes its great richness: the diversity of actors and the pluridisciplinarity of the methods and techniques available. This book, which synthesizes more than 10 years of personal research on the subject, but also experience within different teams and projects, intends to bring a unified vision (and more and more followed at the international level) on logistics planning Urban development. It begins with an overview of research in urban logistics and then describes and defines the main components: flows, actors, infrastructures, management components, technologies, regulations and financing actions. A unified vision of these elements as well as the definition of sustainable urban logistics is proposed. Then, the book presents the basics of planning and managing sustainable urban logistics. First, the basics of the before-after analysis are introduced, not only for the experiments but also for the simulation of scenarios. To carry out this type of analysis, two main groups of methods are needed: methods for estimating flows and methods for calculating evaluation indicators. The book presents the main global standards and dominant models for the estimation of the urban freight transport demand, i.e. of freight transport needs in urban areas. Then it presents the methods for estimating and simulating transport and distribution schemes (i.e. transport supply) as well as a proposal for integrated supply-demand modeling. All these methods are presented for immediate application to practitioners, accompanied by summary tables and parameters necessary for their implementation. As far as evaluation is concerned, the book presents a framework for the choice of sustainable indicators and scorecards. Second, the main methods for economic, environmental, social and accessibility assessment are presented. They are accompanied by tables and figures necessary for their implementation. Finally, the main applications of the proposed methods are introduced. The book is meant to be a practical guide to applying the main methods from scientific research to a practical context, and presents examples of quantified and explained application. It is thus the first book that summarizes and presents the main unified methods to help the different decision-makers to implement them in their actions of planning and management of the urban logistics and the transport of goods in town.