Visualization, modeling, and graphics for engineering design / Dennis K. Lieu, Sheryl Sorby.

Dennis K. Lieu is professor of mechanical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was formerly the associate dean of student affairs. He also received his B.S., M.S., and D.Eng. in mechanical engineering from U.C. Berkeley. After working for six years as a design engineer in industry, he returned to his alma mater to join its faculty. Professor Lieu has taught engineering graphics for over 25 years and has been a member of the Engineering Design Graphics Division of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) for 23 years. His research interests are in the design of electro-mechanical machines and the design of sports equipment, and he is the author or co-author of numerous articles on engineering graphics education. He is a member of Tau Beta Pi, Pi Tau Sigma, and Phi Beta Kappa, as well as a recipient of the University of California Distinguished Teaching Award and the Orthogonal Medal awarded by North Carolina State University, for his contributions to engineering graphics education.

Sheryl A. Sorby is a professor of engineering education at The Ohio State University. She previously served as associate dean for academic programs and department chair of engineering fundamentals at Michigan Technological University. Professor Sorby received the Sharon Keillor award from the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), recognizing outstanding women engineering faculty. She was also the recipient of the Betty Vetter research award through the Women in Engineering Program Advocates Network (WEPAN), for her work in improving the success of women engineering students through the development of a spatial skills course. She has received the Engineering Design Graphics Distinguished Service Award, the Distinguished Teaching Award, and the Dow Outstanding New Faculty Award from ASEE as well, and she serves the organization as associate editor of advances in engineering education.

ch. 1 Introduction to Graphical Communication in Engineering --
1.01. Introduction --
1.02. Short History --
1.02.01. Ancient History --
1.02.02. Medieval Period --
1.02.03. Renaissance --
1.02.04. Industrial Revolution --
1.02.05. More Recent History --
1.03. Engineering Graphics Technology --
1.03.01. Early Years --
1.03.02. Instrument Drawing --
1.03.03. Computer Revolution --
1.03.04. Graphics as a Design Tool --
1.03.05. Graphics as an Analysis Tool --
1.03.06. Graphics as a Presentation Tool --
1.04. Modern Role of Engineering Graphics --
1.05. Chapter Summary --
1.06. Glossary of Key Terms --
1.07. Questions for Review --
1.08. Problems --
ch. 2 Sketching --
2.01. Introduction --
2.02. Sketching in the Engineering Design Process --
2.03. Sketching Lines --
2.04. Sketching Curved Entities --
2.05. Construction Lines --
2.06. Coordinate Systems --
2.07. Isometric Sketches of Simple Objects --
2.07.01. Circles in Isometric Sketches --
2.07.02. Circular Holes in Isometric Sketches --
2.08. Oblique Pictorials --
2.08.01. Circular Holes in Oblique Pictorial Sketches --
2.09. Shading and Other Special Effects --
2.10. Sketching Complex Objects --
2.11. Chapter Summary --
2.12. Glossary of Key Terms --
2.13. Questions for Review --
2.14. Problems --
ch. 3 Visualization --
3.01. Introduction --
3.02. Background --
3.03. Development of Spatial Skills --
3.04. Types of Spatial Skills --
3.05. Assessing Spatial Skills --
3.06. Importance of Spatial Skills --
3.07. Isometric Corner Views of Simple Objects --
3.08. Object Rotations about a Single Axis --
3.08.01. Notation --
3.08.02. Rotation of Objects by More Than 90 Degrees about a Single Axis --
3.08.03. Equivalencies for Rotations about a Single Axis --
3.09. Rotation about Two or More Axes --
3.09.01. Equivalencies for Object Rotations about Two or More Axes --
3.10. Reflections and Symmetry --
3.10.01. Symmetry --
3.11. Cross Sections of Solids --
3.12. Combining Solids --
3.13. Chapter Summary --
3.14. Glossary of Key Terms --
3.15. Questions for Review --
3.16. Problems --
ch. 4 Creativity and the Design Process --
4.01. Introduction --
4.02. What Is Design? --
4.02.01. Computers in Design --
4.02.02. Classification of Engineering Designers --
4.03. Creativity in Design --
4.03.01. Visual Thinking --
4.03.02. Brainstorming --
4.03.03. Brainwriting (6-3-5 Method) --
4.03.04. Morphological Charts --
4.03.05. Concept Mapping --
4.04. Engineering Design Process --
4.04.01. Stage 1: Problem Identification --
4.04.02. Stage 2: Concept Generation --
4.04.03. Stage 3: Concept Selection and Refinement --
4.04.04. Stage 4: Design Evaluation and Analysis --
4.04.05. Stage 5: Physical Prototyping --
4.04.06. Stage 6: Design Documentation --
4.04.07. Stage 7: Production --
4.05. Concurrent Engineering Design Process --
4.06. Chapter Summary --
Case Study --
4.07. Glossary of Key Terms --
4.08. Questions for Review --
4.09. Design Projects --
ch. 5 Solid Modeling --
5.01. Introduction --
5.02. Tools for Developing Your Idea --
5.02.01. Two-Dimensional CAD --
5.02.02. Wireframe Modeling --
5.02.03. Surface Modeling --
5.02.04. Solid Modeling --
5.03. Parametric Solid Model --
5.03.01. Valid Profiles --
5.03.02. Creation of the Solid --
5.04. Making It Precise --
5.04.01. Orientation of the Sketch --
5.04.02. Geometric Constraints --
5.04.03. Dimensional Constraints --
5.04.04. Uniqueness of Constraints --
5.04.05. Associative and Algebraic Constraints --
5.05. Strategies for Combining Profile Constraints --
5.06. More Complexity Using Constructive Solids --
5.07. Breaking It Down into Features --
5.07.01. Base Feature --
5.07.02. Chamfers, Rounds, and Fillets --
5.07.03. Holes --
5.07.04. Shells --
5.07.05. Ribs and Webs --
5.07.06. Other Feature Types --
5.07.07. Cosmetic Features --
5.07.08. Understanding of Features and Functions --
5.08. More Ways to Create Sophisticated Geometry --
5.08.01. Defining Datum Points --
5.08.02. Defining Datum Axes --
5.08.03. Defining Datum Planes --
5.08.04. Chaining Datums --
5.08.05. Using Arrays (Rectangular and Circular) --
5.08.06. Using Mirrored Features --
5.08.07. Using Blends --
5.08.08. Sweeps --
5.09. Model Tree --
5.10. Families of Parts --
5.11. Extraction of 2-D Drawings --
5.12. Chapter Summary --
5.13. Glossary of Key Terms --
5.14. Questions for Review --
5.15. Problems --
ch. 6 Assembly Modeling --
6.01. Introduction --
6.02. Assembly Terminology --
6.02.01. Associativity --
6.03. Assembly Hierarchy --
6.04. Assembly Constraints --
6.04.01. Concentric Constraints --
6.04.02. Mating Surfaces Constraints --
6.04.03. Coincident Constraints --
6.04.04. Distance Constraints --
6.04.05. Adding Constraints to Your Assembly --
6.05. Exploded Configurations --
6.06. Interferences and Clearances --
6.07. Bill of Materials --
6.08. Assembly Strategy --
6.08.01. Bottom-Up Assembly Modeling --
6.08.02. Top-Down Assembly Modeling --
6.09. Strategy for Bottom-up Assembly Modeling --
6.10. Chapter Summary --
6.11. Glossary of Key Terms --
6.12. Questions for Review --
6.13. Problems --
ch. 7 Design Analysis --
7.01. Introduction --
7.02. Reverse Engineering --
7.03. Metrology Tools for Reverse Engineering --
7.03.01. Handheld Calipers --
7.03.02. Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) --
7.03.03. 3-D Laser Scanner --
7.04. Reverse Engineering Process --
7.04.01. Defining the Reverse Engineering Project --
7.04.02. Dissecting a System --
7.04.03. Obtaining Part Sizes --
7.04.04. Developing a 3-D CAD Model --
7.04.05. Considering Potential Redesign --
7.05. Geometric Properties Analysis --
7.05.01. Measurement Analysis --
7.05.02. Mass Properties Analysis --
7.06. Finite Element Analysis --
7.06.01. Classes of FEA Problems --
7.06.02. Finite Element Meshes --
7.06.03. Finite Element Boundary Conditions --
7.06.04. Finite Element Output --
7.07. Chapter Summary --
7.08. Glossary of Key Terms --
7.09. Questions for Review --
7.10. Problems --
ch. 8 Orthogonal Projection and Multiview Representation --
8.01. Introduction --
8.02. More Precise Way to Communicate Your Ideas --
8.02.01. Problems with Pictorials --
8.02.02. Viewing Planes --
8.02.03. Orthogonal Projection --
8.02.04. Distorted Reality --
8.02.05. Choice of Viewing Planes --
8.02.06. Size and Alignment --
8.03. Glass Box --
8.03.01. Standard Views --
8.03.02. Preferred Configuration --
8.04. Necessary Details --
8.04.01. Hidden Lines and Centerlines --
8.04.02. Necessary Views --
8.04.03. Hidden Lines versus More Views --
8.05. First-Angle Projection versus Third-Angle Projection --
8.06. Breaking the Rules-and Why It Is Good to Break Them Sometimes --
8.06.01. Threaded Parts --
8.06.02. Features with Small Radii --
8.06.03. Small Cutouts on Curved Surfaces --
8.06.04. Small Intersections with Curved Surfaces --
8.06.05. Symmetrical Features --
8.06.06. Representation of Welds --
8.07. When Six Views Are Not Enough --
8.07.01. Features at Odd Angles --
8.07.02. Internal Features --
8.08. Considerations for 3-D Modeling --
8.09. Chapter Summary --
8.10. Glossary of Key Terms --
8.11. Questions for Review --
8.12. Problems --
ch. 9 Pictorial Drawings --
9.01. Introduction --
9.02. Types of Pictorial Drawings --
9.03. Axonometric Drawings --
9.03.01. Isometric Drawings --
9.03.02. Inclined Surfaces --
9.03.03. Oblique Surfaces --
9.03.04. Cylindrical Surfaces --
9.03.05. Ellipses on Inclined Surfaces --
9.04. Oblique Drawings --
9.04.01. Types of Oblique Drawings --
9.04.02. Construction of Oblique Drawings --
9.04.03. Construction of an Object with Circular Features --
9.05. Perspective Drawings --
9.05.01. Types of Perspective Drawings --
9.05.02. Two-Point Perspective Drawings --
9.05.03. Construction of a Two-Point Perspective Drawing --
9.05.04. Complex Object in Two-Point Perspective --
9.06. Considerations for 3-D Modeling --
9.07. Chapter Summary --
9.08. Glossary of Key Terms --
9.09. Questions for Review --
9.10. Problems --
ch. 10 Section Views --
10.01. Introduction --
10.02. Look Inside --
10.03. Full Sections --
10.04. What Happens to the Hidden Lines? --
10.05. Finer Points of Section Lines --
10.06. Offset Sections --
10.07. Half Sections --
10.08. Removed Sections --
10.09. Revolved Sections --
10.10. Broken-Out Sections --
10.11. Sections of Assemblies --
10.12. Few Shortcuts to Simplify Your Life --
10.12.01. Small Cutouts on Curved Surfaces --
10.12.02. Threaded Parts --
10.12.03. Thin Features --
10.12.04. Vanes, Fins, Spokes, and the Like --
10.12.05. Symmetry --
10.13. Considerations for 3-D Modeling --
10.14. Chapter Summary --
10.15. Glossary of Key Terms --
10.16. Questions for Review --
10.17. Problems --
ch. 11 Auxiliary Views --
11.01. Introduction --
11.02. Auxiliary Views for Solid Objects --
11.03. Auxiliary Views of Irregular or Curved Surfaces --
11.04. Creating Auxiliary Views --
11.05. Solid Modeling Considerations in Creating Auxiliary Views --
11.06. Chapter Summary --
11.07. Glossary of Key Terms --
11.08. Questions for Review --
11.09. Problems --
ch. 12 Dimensioning --
12.01. Introduction --
12.02. Is the Dimension I See on a Drawing Exact? --
12.03. What Are the Rules for Dimensioning?

A new book for a new generation of engineering professionals, Visualization, Modeling, and Graphics for Engineering Design was written from the ground up to take a brand-new approach to graphic communication within the context of engineering design and creativity. With a blend of modern and traditional topics, this text recognizes how computer modeling techniques have changed the engineering design process. From this new perspective, the text is able to focus on the evolved design process, including the critical phases of creative thinking, product ideation, and advanced analysis techniques. Focusing on design and design communication rather than drafting techniques and standards, it goes beyond the "what" to explain the "why" of engineering graphics.


The authors have drawn on decades of experience as professionals and educators to provide a new, more effective approach to the engineering design, highlighting visualization skills as essential to early learning and providing exposure to multiple engineering models and physical devices.
Each chapter opens with problems based on real-world challenges faced by today's professionals, followed by graphical solutions and a discussion of the key principles involved, providing an engaging introduction to the material based on highly practical, realistic scenarios.
The authors' engaging, casual writing style and a reader-friendly visual design make the text accessible and effective for students of all backgrounds and learning styles.
The text features a strong focus on learning and fundamental skill development, and every chapter includes numerous real-world examples to demonstrate current industry best practices and help prepare students for professional success.


The Second Edition features a more concise, streamlined presentation for greater convenience and affordability. Chapters in the printed text focused on essential information for each topic, while several additional chapters are available online with expanded coverage, examples, and exercises.
The authors have added new end-of-chapter exercises for most chapters to help students better assess their understanding and hone their mastery of the material. New topics covered in the Second Edition include stress analysis, thermodynamics, and kinematics, as well as an even stronger focus on real-world applications.
A new, Web-based MindTap supplement provides convenient access to a wealth of teaching and learning resources, including more than 100 multimedia animations and video clips related to static illustrations in the text, interactive quizzes for every chapter, and more.