Traffic flow theory : characteristics, experimental methods, and numerical techniques / Daiheng Ni, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA.

About the Author:
Daiheng Ni

University of Massachusetts Amherst, Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Affiliations and Expertise

University of Massachusetts ? Amherst

Includes bibliographical references (pages 379-386) and index.

Table of Contents

Dedication
Preface
Part I: Traffic Flow Characteristics
Chapter 1: Traffic Sensing Technologies
Abstract
1.1 Traffic Sensors
1.2 Traffic Sensor Classification
1.3 Data Sources
Problems
Chapter 2: Traffic Flow Characteristics I
Abstract
2.1 Mobile Sensor Data
2.2 Point Sensor Data
2.3 Space Sensor Data
2.4 Time-Space Diagram and Characteristics
2.5 Relationships among Characteristics
2.6 Desired Traffic Flow Characteristics
Problems
Chapter 3: Traffic Flow Characteristics II
Abstract
3.1 Generalized Definition
3.2 Three-Dimensional Representation of Traffic Flow
Problems
Chapter 4: Equilibrium Traffic Flow Models
Abstract
4.1 Single-Regime Models
4.2 Multiregime Models
4.3 The State-of-the-Art Models
4.4 Can We Go any Further?
Problems
Part II: Macroscopic Modeling
Chapter 5: Conservation Law
Abstract
5.1 The Continuity Equation
5.2 First-Order Dynamic Model
Problems
Chapter 6: Waves
Abstract
6.1 Wave Phenomena
6.2 Mathematical Representation
6.3 Traveling Waves
6.4 Traveling Wave Solutions
6.5 Wave Front and Pulse
6.6 General Solution to Wave Equations
6.7 Characteristics
6.8 Solution to the Wave Equation
6.9 Method of Characteristics
6.10 Some Properties
Problems
Chapter 7: Shock and Rarefaction Waves
Abstract
7.1 Gradient Catastrophes
7.2 Shock Waves
7.3 Rarefaction Waves
7.4 Entropy Condition
7.5 Summary of Wave Terminology
Problems
Chapter 8: LWR Model
Abstract
8.1 The LWR Model
8.2 Example: LWR with Greenshields Model
8.3 Shock Wave Solution to the LWR Model
8.4 Riemann Problem
8.5 LWR Model with a General q-k Relationship
8.6 Shock Path and Queue Tail
8.7 Properties of the Flow-Density Relationship
8.8 Example LWR Model Problems
Problems
Chapter 9: Numerical Solutions
Abstract
9.1 Discretization Scheme
9.2 FREFLO
9.3 FREQ
9.4 KRONOS
9.5 Cell Transmission Model
Problems
Chapter 10: Simplified Theory of Kinematic Waves
Abstract
10.1 Triangular Flow-Density Relationship
10.2 Forward Wave Propagation
10.3 Backward Wave Propagation
10.4 Local Capacity
10.5 Minimum Principle
10.6 Single Bottleneck
10.7 Computational Algorithm
10.8 Further Note on the Theory of Kinematic Waves
Problems
Chapter 11: High-Order Models
Abstract
11.1 High-Order Models
11.2 Relating Continuum Flow Models
11.3 Relative Merits of Continuum Models
11.4 Taxonomy of Macroscopic Models
Problems
Part III: Microscopic Modeling
Chapter 12: Microscopic Modeling
Abstract
12.1 Modeling Scope and Time Frame
12.2 Notation
12.3 Benchmarking Scenarios
Problems
Chapter 13: Pipes and Forbes Models
Abstract
13.1 Pipes Model
13.2 Forbes Model
13.3 Benchmarking
Problems
Chapter 14: General Motors Models
Abstract
14.1 Development of GM Models
14.2 Microscopic Benchmarking
14.3 Microscopic-Macroscopic Bridge
14.4 Macroscopic Benchmarking
14.5 Limitations of GM Models
Problems
Chapter 15: Gipps Model
Abstract
15.1 Model Formulation
15.2 Properties of the Gipps Model
15.3 Benchmarking
Problems
Chapter 16: More Single-Regime Models
Abstract
16.1 Newell Nonlinear Model
16.2 Newell Simplified Model
16.3 Intelligent Driver Model
16.4 Van Aerde Model
Problems
Chapter 17: More Intelligent Models
Abstract
17.1 Psychophysical Model
17.2 CARSIM Model
17.3 Rule-based Model
17.4 Neural Network Model
17.5 Summary of Car-Following Models
Problems
Part IV: Picoscopic Modeling
Chapter 18: Picoscopic Modeling
Abstract
18.1 Driver, Vehicle, and Environment
18.2 Applications of Picoscopic Modeling
Problems
Chapter 19: Engine Modeling
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Review of Existing Engine Models
19.3 Simple Mathematical Engine Models
19.4 Validation and Comparison of the Engine Models
19.5 Conclusion
19.A A Cross-Comparison of Engine Models
Chapter 20: Vehicle Modeling
Abstract
20.1 Overview of the DIV Model
20.2 Modeling Longitudinal Movement
20.3 Modeling Lateral Movement
20.4 Model Calibration and Validation
Problems
Chapter 21: The Field Theory
Abstract
21.1 Motivation
21.2 Physical Basis of Traffic Flow
21.3 The Field Theory
21.4 Simplification of the Field Theory
21.5 Discussion of the Field Theory
21.6 Summary
Problems
Chapter 22: Longitudinal Control Model
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 The LCM
22.3 Model Properties
22.4 Empirical Results
22.5 Applications
22.6 Related Work
22.7 Summary
Problems
Part V: The Unified Perspective
Chapter 23: The Unified Diagram
Abstract
23.1 Motivation
23.2 A Broader Perspective
23.3 The Unified Diagram
23.4 Summary
Problems
Chapter 24: Multiscale Traffic Flow Modeling
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 The Spectrum of Modeling Scales
24.3 The Multiscale Approach
24.4 Summary
Problems
Bibliography
Index

Description

Creating Traffic Models is a challenging task because some of their interactions and system components are difficult to adequately express in a mathematical form. Traffic Flow Theory: Characteristics, Experimental Methods, and Numerical Techniques provide traffic engineers with the necessary methods and techniques for mathematically representing traffic flow. The book begins with a rigorous but easy to understand exposition of traffic flow characteristics including Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and traffic sensing technologies.
Key Features

Includes worked out examples and cases to illustrate concepts, models, and theories
Provides modeling and analytical procedures for supporting different aspects of traffic analyses for supporting different flow models
Carefully explains the dynamics of traffic flow over time and space