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Table of Contents<br/><br/>Foreword by Ulf W. Gedde xv<br/><br/>Preface xvii<br/><br/>Acknowledgments xix<br/><br/>Part 1 Foundations 1<br/><br/>1 Introduction 3<br/><br/>1.1 History of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), 3<br/><br/>1.2 Role of MSE in Society, 4<br/><br/>1.3 Teaching MSE, 5<br/><br/>1.4 Basic Rules of MSE, 5<br/><br/>1.5 States of Matter, 6<br/><br/>1.6 Materials in Everyday Life, 7<br/><br/>1.7 How to Make New Materials, 8<br/><br/>1.8 How to Use this Book, 9<br/><br/>1.9 Self -Assessment Questions, 9<br/><br/>References, 9<br/><br/>2 Intermolecular Forces 11<br/><br/>2.1 Interactions: The First Vertex of the Triangle, 11<br/><br/>2.2 Primary Chemical Bonds, 12<br/><br/>2.3 Physical Interactions, 12<br/><br/>2.4 Force and Energy, 15<br/><br/>2.5 Interactions and States of Matter, 16<br/><br/>2.6 Contactless Transport, 18<br/><br/>2.7 Self -Assessment Questions, 19<br/><br/>References, 19<br/><br/>3 Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams 21<br/><br/>3.1 What is Thermodynamics and Why is it Useful? 21<br/><br/>3.2 Definitions, 22<br/><br/>3.3 Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, 23<br/><br/>3.4 First Law of Thermodynamics, 23<br/><br/>3.5 Second Law of Thermodynamics, 24<br/><br/>3.6 The So -Called Third Law of Thermodynamics, 25<br/><br/>3.7 Still More Laws of Thermodynamics? 26<br/><br/>3.8 Thermodynamic Potentials, 26<br/><br/>3.9 Thermodynamic Stability Criteria, 28<br/><br/>3.10 Unary Phase Diagrams and Supercritical States, 29<br/><br/>3.11 Liquid -Vapor Equilibria, 32<br/><br/>3.12 Liquid -Liquid Equilibria, 37<br/><br/>3.13 Solid -Liquid Equilibria, 38<br/><br/>3.14 Self -Assessment Questions, 42<br/><br/>References, 43<br/><br/>4 Crystal Structures 45<br/><br/>4.1 The Nature of Solid Phases, 45<br/><br/>4.2 Formation of Solid Phases, 48<br/><br/>4.3 Crystal Structures, 50<br/><br/>4.4 Defects in Crystals, 60<br/><br/>4.5 Self -Assessment Questions, 65<br/><br/>References, 66<br/><br/>5 Non -Crystalline and Porous Structures 67<br/><br/>5.1 Quasicrystals, 67<br/><br/>5.2 Mineraloids, 68<br/><br/>5.3 Diffractometry, 69<br/><br/>5.4 The Binary Radial Distribution Function, 70<br/><br/>5.5 Voronoi Polyhedra, 73<br/><br/>5.6 The Glass Transition, 76<br/><br/>5.7 Glasses and Liquids, 79<br/><br/>5.8 Aging of Glasses, 81<br/><br/>5.9 Porous Materials and Foams, 82<br/><br/>5.10 Self -Assessment Questions, 86<br/><br/>References, 86<br/><br/>Part 2 Materials 89<br/><br/>6 Metals 91<br/><br/>6.1 History and Composition, 91<br/><br/>6.2 Methods of Metallurgy, 94<br/><br/>6.3 Alloys, 104<br/><br/>6.4 Phase Diagrams of Metal Systems, 105<br/><br/>6.5 Ferrous Metals: Iron and Steel, 105<br/><br/>6.6 Non -Ferrous Metallic Engineering Materials, 107<br/><br/>6.7 Structures of Metals in Relation to Properties, 109<br/><br/>6.8 Glassy Metals and Liquid Metals, 110<br/><br/>6.9 Self -Assessment Questions, 116<br/><br/>References, 116<br/><br/>7 Ceramics 119<br/><br/>7.1 Classification of Ceramic Materials, 119<br/><br/>7.2 History of Ceramics, 120<br/><br/>7.3 Crystalline Ceramics, 121<br/><br/>7.4 Network Ceramics: Silicates and Sialons, 127<br/><br/>7.5 Carbon, 129<br/><br/>7.6 Glassy Ceramics, 133<br/><br/>7.7 Glass -Bonded Ceramics, 136<br/><br/>7.8 Cements, 139<br/><br/>7.9 Advanced and Engineering Ceramics, 141<br/><br/>7.10 General Properties of Ceramics, 146<br/><br/>7.11 Self -Assessment Questions, 147<br/><br/>References, 148<br/><br/>8 Organic Raw Materials 151<br/><br/>8.1 Introduction, 151<br/><br/>8.2 Natural Gas, 152<br/><br/>8.3 Petroleum, 154<br/><br/>8.4 Coal and Coal Tar, 158<br/><br/>8.5 General Remarks, 160<br/><br/>8.6 Self -Assessment Questions, 161<br/><br/>References, 162<br/><br/>9 Polymers 163<br/><br/>9.1 Polymers among other Classes of Materials, 165<br/><br/>9.2 Inorganic and Organic Polymers, 166<br/><br/>9.3 Thermoplastics and Thermosets, 167<br/><br/>9.4 Polymerization Processes, 172<br/><br/>9.5 Molecular Mass Distribution, 177<br/><br/>9.6 Molecular Structures of Important Polymers, 178<br/><br/>9.7 Spatial Structures of Macromolecules and Associated Properties, 178<br/><br/>9.8 Computer Simulation of Polymers, 183<br/><br/>9.9 Polymer Solutions, 184<br/><br/>9.10 Polymer Processing and the Role of Additives, 185<br/><br/>9.11 Applications of Specialty Polymers, 187<br/><br/>9.12 Self -Assessment Questions, 188<br/><br/>References, 188<br/><br/>10 Composites 191<br/><br/>10.1 Introduction, 191<br/><br/>10.2 Fiber Reinforced Composites, 193<br/><br/>10.3 Cermets and other Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs), 196<br/><br/>10.4 Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs), 198<br/><br/>10.5 Carbon?Carbon Composites, 199<br/><br/>10.6 Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs), 199<br/><br/>10.7 Hybrid Composites, 200<br/><br/>10.8 Laminar and Sandwich Composites, 200<br/><br/>10.9 Concretes and Asphalts, 202<br/><br/>10.10 Natural Composites, 205<br/><br/>10.11 A Comparison of Composites, 208<br/><br/>10.12 Self -Assessment Questions, 209<br/><br/>References, 209<br/><br/>11 Biomaterials 211<br/><br/>11.1 Definitions, 211<br/><br/>11.2 Overview of Biomaterials and Applications, 213<br/><br/>11.3 Joint Replacements, 214<br/><br/>11.4 Dental Materials, 218<br/><br/>11.5 Vascularization in Cardiac and other Applications, 219<br/><br/>11.6 Intraocular Lenses and Contact Lenses, 222<br/><br/>11.7 Drug Delivery Systems, 224<br/><br/>11.8 Biological and Natural Materials, 226<br/><br/>11.9 Bio -Based Materials, 231<br/><br/>11.10 Other Aspects of Biomaterials, 233<br/><br/>11.11 Self -Assessment Questions, 236<br/><br/>References, 236<br/><br/>12 Liquid Crystals and Smart Materials 241<br/><br/>12.1 Introduction, 241<br/><br/>12.2 Liquid Crystals, 242<br/><br/>12.3 Field -Responsive Composites, 248<br/><br/>12.3.1 Magnetorheological Fluids, 249<br/><br/>12.3.2 Electrorheological (ER) Fluids, 252<br/><br/>12.3.3 Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Elastomers, 254<br/><br/>12.4 Electrochromic Materials, 255<br/><br/>12.5 Piezoelectric and Pyroelectric Materials, 256<br/><br/>12.6 Shape -Memory Materials, 260<br/><br/>12.7 Self -Assessment Questions, 263<br/><br/>References, 263<br/><br/>Part 3 Behavior and Properties 267<br/><br/>13 Rheological Properties 269<br/><br/>13.1 Introduction, 269<br/><br/>13.2 Laminar and Turbulent Flow and the Melt Flow Index, 270<br/><br/>13.3 Viscosity and How it is Measured, 273<br/><br/>13.4 Linear and Nonlinear Viscoelasticity, 277<br/><br/>13.5 Drag Reduction, 281<br/><br/>13.6 Suspensions, Slurries, and Flocculation, 285<br/><br/>13.7 Self -Assessment Questions, 287<br/><br/>References, 288<br/><br/>14 Mechanical Properties 289<br/><br/>14.1 Mechanics at the Forefront, 289<br/><br/>14.2 Quasi -Static Testing, 290<br/><br/>14.3 Properties: Strength, Stiffness, and Toughness, 298<br/><br/>14.4 Creep and Stress Relaxation, 299<br/><br/>14.5 Viscoelasticity, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, and Brittleness, 302<br/><br/>14.6 Fracture Mechanics, 305<br/><br/>14.7 Impact Testing, 309<br/><br/>14.8 Hardness and Indentation, 312<br/><br/>14.9 Self -Assessment Questions, 315<br/><br/>References, 316<br/><br/>15 Thermophysical Properties 319<br/><br/>15.1 Introduction, 319<br/><br/>15.2 Volumetric Properties and Equations of State, 320<br/><br/>15.3 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), 323<br/><br/>15.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis, 326<br/><br/>15.5 Thermal Conductivity, 327<br/><br/>15.6 Negative Temperatures, 330<br/><br/>15.7 Self -Assessment Questions, 333<br/><br/>References, 334<br/><br/>16 Color and Optical Properties 335<br/><br/>16.1 Introduction, 335<br/><br/>16.2 Atomic Origins of Color, 335<br/><br/>16.3 Color and Energy Diagrams, 339<br/><br/>16.4 Light and Bulk Matter, 344<br/><br/>16.5 Optical Properties and Testing Methods, 345<br/><br/>16.6 Lasers, 348<br/><br/>16.7 Electro -Optical Effects and Luminescence, 348<br/><br/>16.8 Photoinduction, 351<br/><br/>16.9 Invisibility, 352<br/><br/>16.10 Self -Assessment Questions, 355<br/><br/>References, 355<br/><br/>17 Electronic Properties 357<br/><br/>17.1 Introduction, 357<br/><br/>17.2 Conductivity, Resistivity, and Band Theory, 358<br/><br/>17.3 Conductivity in Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators, 363<br/><br/>17.4 Semiconductors: Types and Electronic Behavior, 364<br/><br/>17.5 Superconductivity, 371<br/><br/>17.6 Phenomena of Dielectrical Polarization, 371<br/><br/>17.7 Self -Assessment Questions, 375<br/><br/>References, 375<br/><br/>18 Magnetic Properties 379<br/><br/>18.1 Magnetic Fields and their Creation, 379<br/><br/>18.2 Classes of Magnetic Materials, 383<br/><br/>18.3 Diamagnetic Materials, 384<br/><br/>18.4 Paramagnetic Materials, 384<br/><br/>18.5 Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Materials, 384<br/><br/>18.6 Ferrimagnetic Materials, 386<br/><br/>18.7 Applications of Magnetism, 386<br/><br/>18.8 Self -Assessment Questions, 389<br/><br/>References, 389<br/><br/>19 Surface Behavior and Tribology 391<br/><br/>19.1 Introduction and History, 391<br/><br/>19.2 Surfaces: Topography and Interactions, 393<br/><br/>19.3 Oxidation, 395<br/><br/>19.4 Corrosion, 399<br/><br/>19.5 Adhesion, 400<br/><br/>19.6 Friction, 404<br/><br/>19.7 Scratch Resistance, 411<br/><br/>19.8 Wear, 418<br/><br/>19.9 Lubrication and Nanoscale Tribology, 419<br/><br/>19.10 Final Comments, 421<br/><br/>19.11 Self -Assessment Questions, 422<br/><br/>References, 423<br/><br/>20 Materials Recycling and Sustainability 427<br/><br/>20.1 Introduction, 427<br/><br/>20.2 Water, 428<br/><br/>20.3 Nuclear Energy, 430<br/><br/>20.4 Energy Generation from Sunlight, 432<br/><br/>20.5 Energy Generation from Thermoelectricity, 435<br/><br/>20.6 Degradation of Materials, 437<br/><br/>20.7 Recycling, 438<br/><br/>20.8 Final Thoughts, 439<br/><br/>20.9 Self -Assessment Questions, 440<br/><br/>References, 441<br/><br/>21 Materials Testing and Standards 443<br/><br/>21.1 Introduction, 443<br/><br/>21.2 Standards and Metrics, 443<br/><br/>21.3 Testing, 444<br/><br/>21.4 Microscopy Testing, 445<br/><br/>21.5 Sensors in Testing, 447<br/><br/>21.6 Summary, 448<br/><br/>21.7 Self -Assessment Questions, 448<br/><br/>References, 448<br/><br/>Numerical Values of Important Physical Constants 449<br/><br/>Name Index 451<br/><br/>Subject Index 455 |